diff --git a/src/composables/ai/aiShared.ts b/src/composables/ai/aiShared.ts
index 643ab7e..d836e24 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/aiShared.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/aiShared.ts
@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@
 import { aiApi } from '@/api'
 import { state } from '@/stores/ai'
 import { useAppSettingsStore } from '@/stores/appSettings'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import type { AiToolCallInfo } from '@/api/types'
 
 const appSettings = useAppSettingsStore()
 
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string, named?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /**
  * 解析 AI 回复语言(useAiSend.sendMessage / useAiContext.compressContext 共用)。
  *
diff --git a/src/composables/ai/useAiConversations.ts b/src/composables/ai/useAiConversations.ts
index 9fc1ded..8ace172 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/useAiConversations.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/useAiConversations.ts
@@ -10,14 +10,11 @@ import { state } from '@/stores/ai'
 import { notifyConversationChanged } from './useAiEvents'
 import { persistUiState } from './useAiPanel'
 import { nextMsgId } from './aiShared'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import type { AiMessage, AiToolCallInfo } from '@/api/types'
 
 const appSettings = useAppSettingsStore()
 
-// composable 无组件上下文,借全局 i18n 实例翻译错误文案(同 useAiSend/aiShared 模式)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string, named?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /** 拉取会话列表;首次加载时若 appSettings 仍有有效 active-conv 且当前无活跃对话则恢复 */
 async function loadConversations() {
   try {
diff --git a/src/composables/ai/useAiEvents.ts b/src/composables/ai/useAiEvents.ts
index c88d357..26576b8 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/useAiEvents.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/useAiEvents.ts
@@ -16,17 +16,12 @@ import { ref } from 'vue'
 import { aiApi } from '@/api'
 import { useAppSettingsStore } from '@/stores/appSettings'
 import { state } from '@/stores/ai'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { nextMsgId, findToolCall, startApprovalTimer, clearApprovalTimer, clearAllApprovalTimers } from './aiShared'
 import { resetStreamWatchdog, clearStreamWatchdog } from './useAiStream'
 import { loadConversations } from './useAiConversations'
 import type { AiChatEvent, AiMessage, AiToolCallInfo } from '@/api/types'
 
-// composable 内非组件上下文(无 setup),用 vue-i18n 全局实例的 t 而非 useI18n()。
-// 通过 any 中转规避 vue-i18n 深度 message schema 泛型导致的 TS2589(类型实例化过深)。
-// CR-30-2: 签名放宽支持插值参数(复用现有 t('ai.xxx', {...}) 模式,如 aiShared.ts:75)。
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 let _unlistenAiEvent: (() => void) | null = null
 let _unlistenConvChanged: (() => void) | null = null
 // AE-2025-06: onStreamTimeout 广播的审批计时器清理事件 unlistener
diff --git a/src/composables/ai/useAiSend.ts b/src/composables/ai/useAiSend.ts
index b79652b..8dc4731 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/useAiSend.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/useAiSend.ts
@@ -21,13 +21,11 @@ import { ref } from 'vue'
 import { aiApi } from '@/api'
 import { state } from '@/stores/ai'
 import type { ContentPart, AiMessage } from '@/api/types'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { resetStreamWatchdog, clearStreamWatchdog } from './useAiStream'
 import { startListener } from './useAiEvents'
 import { nextMsgId, findToolCall, startApprovalTimer, clearApprovalTimer, clearAllApprovalTimers, resolveAiLang } from './aiShared'
 
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string, named?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /// 待发送队列上限（超过抛错提示用户）
 const QUEUE_LIMIT = 10
 
diff --git a/src/composables/ai/useAiStream.ts b/src/composables/ai/useAiStream.ts
index 24accc0..ade03b5 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/useAiStream.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/useAiStream.ts
@@ -12,14 +12,10 @@
 //! 循环依赖;下沉到 aiShared 后本模块不再 import useAiEvents,环消除)
 
 import { state } from '@/stores/ai'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { nextMsgId } from './aiShared'
 import { emit } from '@tauri-apps/api/event'
 
-// composable 内非组件上下文(无 setup),用 vue-i18n 全局实例的 t 而非 useI18n()。
-// 通过 any 中转规避 vue-i18n 深度 message schema 泛型导致的 TS2589(类型实例化过深)。
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (key: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /// ≥ 后端 STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT(120s, ai.rs:848)+余量;
 /// 前端若短于后端,慢首 token 会被前端先误杀
 export const STREAM_TIMEOUT_MS = 130000
diff --git a/src/composables/ai/useToolCard.ts b/src/composables/ai/useToolCard.ts
index e9ffca7..94154ba 100644
--- a/src/composables/ai/useToolCard.ts
+++ b/src/composables/ai/useToolCard.ts
@@ -11,22 +11,18 @@
 //! 及原 <script setup> 中仅依赖 i18n.t 的 toolResultSummary)。零行为变更,纯搬迁。
 //!
 //! 设计:
-//! - composable 内非组件上下文(无 setup),用 vue-i18n 全局实例的 t(对齐 aiShared.ts/
-//!   useAiEvents.ts/useAiStream.ts 等同款约定),而非 useI18n()。
+//! - 非组件上下文(无 setup),用 @/i18n/i18n-helpers 的类型安全 t(规避 vue-i18n TS2589)。
 //! - 全部为纯函数(入参出参,无响应式无副作用),供 ToolCard.vue 模板/setup 直接 import 调用。
 //! - store 依赖的工具显示名(toolDisplayName/displayArgValue/projectNameById/taskNameById)
 //!   仍留 ToolCard.vue setup(耦合 projectStore,非纯函数)。
 //!
 //! 耦合:
-//! - i18n.global.t(翻译)
+//! - i18n 翻译(经 @/i18n/i18n-helpers)
 //! - AiToolCallInfo(@/api/types)
 
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import type { AiToolCallInfo } from '@/api/types'
 
-// composable 内非组件上下文(无 setup),用 vue-i18n 全局实例的 t 而非 useI18n()。
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string, p?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /** 工具结果 JSON 已知字段(全可选;list_* 运行时返回数组,靠 Array.isArray 区分) */
 export interface ToolResult {
   path?: string
diff --git a/src/i18n/i18n-helpers.ts b/src/i18n/i18n-helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f550fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/i18n/i18n-helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! 类型安全的 i18n 访问助手 — 供 store / composable / util 在非 setup 上下文使用
+//!
+//! 背景:vue-i18n 在 composition 模式下,`i18n.global.t` 的泛型会递归展开全部 message
+//! schema,触发 TS2589(类型实例化过深)。历史上每个 store/composable 都各自写一段
+//! `(i18n as any).global.t as (...)` 样板绕过,共 13 处,签名还微差(`(k:string)` /
+//! `(k:string, named?)` / `(key, params?)`)。本模块收口为一处:仅在内部用一次 any 中转,
+//! 对外暴露统一签名的 `t` 与 `currentLocale`。
+//!
+//! 用法:
+//!   import { t, currentLocale } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
+//!   t('common.justNow')
+//!   t('common.minutesAgo', { n: 5 })
+//!   currentLocale() === 'en'
+
+import i18n from '@/i18n'
+
+/** 统一的翻译函数签名(键 + 可选命名参数) */
+type TranslateFn = (key: string, named?: Record<string, unknown>) => string
+
+// any 中转仅在内部出现一次,对外不可见。规避 TS2589。
+const _global = (i18n as unknown as { global: { t: TranslateFn; locale: { value: string } } }).global
+
+/**
+ * 类型安全的翻译函数(绑定到全局 i18n 实例)。
+ * 非组件上下文(store/composable/util 模块顶层)使用;组件内仍优先用 useI18n()。
+ */
+export const t: TranslateFn = _global.t.bind(_global)
+
+/** 当前 locale('zh-CN' | 'en' 等),供时间格式化等按语言分支的逻辑读取 */
+export function currentLocale(): string {
+  return _global.locale.value
+}
diff --git a/src/stores/knowledge.ts b/src/stores/knowledge.ts
index 950216a..5605a96 100644
--- a/src/stores/knowledge.ts
+++ b/src/stores/knowledge.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { reactive, computed } from 'vue'
 import { knowledgeApi } from '@/api'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import type {
   KnowledgeRecord,
   KnowledgeDetailPayload,
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ import type {
   KnowledgeConfig,
 } from '@/api/types'
 
-// composable 外全局 i18n 实例(非 setup 上下文)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 // ── 全局响应式状态（单例） ──
 
 const state = reactive({
diff --git a/src/stores/project/ideas.ts b/src/stores/project/ideas.ts
index 4ae61d3..a375a61 100644
--- a/src/stores/project/ideas.ts
+++ b/src/stores/project/ideas.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { ideaApi } from '@/api'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { state } from './state'
 
-// composable 外全局 i18n 实例(非 setup 上下文)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /** 灵感 CRUD 子 store(共享全局 state) */
 export function createIdeasStore() {
   async function loadIdeas() {
diff --git a/src/stores/project/projects.ts b/src/stores/project/projects.ts
index 0b4aa2d..27462cf 100644
--- a/src/stores/project/projects.ts
+++ b/src/stores/project/projects.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import { projectApi } from '@/api'
 import type { ImportProjectInput } from '@/api/project'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { state, clearError } from './state'
 
-// composable 外全局 i18n 实例(非 setup 上下文)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /** 项目 CRUD 子 store(共享全局 state) */
 export function createProjectsStore() {
   async function loadProjects() {
diff --git a/src/stores/project/tasks.ts b/src/stores/project/tasks.ts
index cb4b6e6..51e082d 100644
--- a/src/stores/project/tasks.ts
+++ b/src/stores/project/tasks.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { taskApi } from '@/api'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { state } from './state'
 
-// composable 外全局 i18n 实例(非 setup 上下文)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 /** 任务 CRUD 子 store(共享全局 state) */
 export function createTasksStore() {
   async function loadTasks(projectId?: string) {
diff --git a/src/stores/project/workflow.ts b/src/stores/project/workflow.ts
index db0e1e1..4224983 100644
--- a/src/stores/project/workflow.ts
+++ b/src/stores/project/workflow.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { workflowApi } from '@/api'
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 import { state, _eventUnlisten, setEventUnlisten } from './state'
 
-// composable 外全局 i18n 实例(非 setup 上下文)
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
-
 // B-03b-R10(⑦ 互斥): 审批响应/取消 IPC 进行中标记(模块级单例,createWorkflowStore 每会话只跑一次)。
 // 防双击/连点在同一轮 IPC 未返回前发起第二次(后端无幂等键,第二次会重复消费 Request 触发
 // "node already completed" 类报错)。store 层守卫优于按钮 disabled: 共享单例 state,跨调用方统一。
diff --git a/src/utils/time.ts b/src/utils/time.ts
index 2c7500b..37b077e 100644
--- a/src/utils/time.ts
+++ b/src/utils/time.ts
@@ -11,11 +11,10 @@
  * 正确做法：先转 number 再 new Date。本模块统一处理毫秒字符串 / 秒级 / ISO / number / 空。
  */
 
-import i18n from '@/i18n'
+import { t, currentLocale } from '@/i18n/i18n-helpers'
 
 // CR-260615-08(P1-10):相对时间走 i18n(原硬编码中文,en locale 时间恒中文)。
-// utils 纯函数无 setup,用 vue-i18n 全局实例(参考 useAiEvents.ts:16-25),any 中转规避 TS2589。
-const t = ((i18n as any).global.t as (k: string, named?: Record<string, unknown>) => string).bind((i18n as any).global)
+// 类型安全访问经 i18n-helpers 收口(规避 vue-i18n TS2589)。
 
 /** 解析任意时间值为毫秒时间戳；无效或空返回 null */
 export function parseTs(v: string | number | null | undefined): number | null {
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ export function formatDate(v: string | number | null | undefined): string {
   const ms = parseTs(v)
   if (ms == null) return '—'
   const d = new Date(ms)
-  const locale = (i18n as any).global.locale.value === 'en' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN'
+  const locale = currentLocale() === 'en' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN'
   return d.toLocaleDateString(locale) + ' ' + d.toLocaleTimeString(locale, { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })
 }