enjoy 3.3 release ^_^

pom.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 	<artifactId>enjoy</artifactId>
 	<packaging>jar</packaging>
 	<name>enjoy</name>
-	<version>3.3-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<version>3.3</version>
 	<url>http://www.jfinal.com</url>
 	<description>Enjoy is a simple, light, rapid, independent, extensible Java Template Engine.</description>
 	
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
 				  </execution>
 				</executions>
 				<configuration>
-					<skip>false</skip>
+					<skip>true</skip>
 				</configuration>
 			</plugin>
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/ElKit.java

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.kit;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.Map;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Engine;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.Template;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class ElKit {
 	private static final String RETURN_VALUE_KEY = "_RETURN_VALUE_";
 	
 	static {
-		engine.addDirective("eval", new InnerEvalDirective());
+		engine.addDirective("eval", InnerEvalDirective.class);
 	}
 	
 	public Engine getEngine() {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class ElKit {
 	public static <T> T eval(String expr, Map<?, ?> data) {
 		String stringTemplate = "#eval(" + expr + ")";
 		Template template = engine.getTemplateByString(stringTemplate);
-		template.render(data, null);
+		template.render(data, (java.io.Writer)null);
 		return (T)data.get(RETURN_VALUE_KEY);
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/HashKit.java

@@ -20,10 +20,22 @@ import java.security.MessageDigest;
 
 public class HashKit {
 	
+	public static final long FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64 = 0xcbf29ce484222325L;
+	public static final long FNV_PRIME_64 = 0x100000001b3L;
+	
 	private static final java.security.SecureRandom random = new java.security.SecureRandom();
 	private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
 	private static final char[] CHAR_ARRAY = "_-0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
 	
+	public static long fnv1a64(String key) {
+		long hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64;
+		for(int i=0, size=key.length(); i<size; i++) {
+			hash ^= key.charAt(i);
+			hash *= FNV_PRIME_64;
+		}
+		return hash;
+	}
+	
 	public static String md5(String srcStr){
 		return hash("MD5", srcStr);
 	}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Engine.java

@@ -281,12 +281,24 @@ public class Engine {
 	
 	/**
 	 * Add directive
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 示例：
+	 * addDirective("now", NowDirective.class)
+	 * </pre>
 	 */
-	public Engine addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+	public Engine addDirective(String directiveName, Class<? extends Directive> directiveClass) {
-		config.addDirective(directiveName, directive);
+		config.addDirective(directiveName, directiveClass);
 		return this;
 	}
 	
+	/**
+	 * 该方法已被 addDirective(String, Class<? extends Directive>) 所代替
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
+	public Engine addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+		return addDirective(directiveName, directive.getClass());
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * Remove directive
 	 */
@@ -445,6 +457,11 @@ public class Engine {
 		return config.getEncoding();
 	}
 	
+	public Engine setWriterBufferSize(int bufferSize) {
+		config.setWriterBufferSize(bufferSize);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * Engine 独立设置为 devMode 可以方便模板文件在修改后立即生效，
 	 * 但如果在 devMode 之下并不希望对 addSharedFunction(...)，
@@ -466,7 +483,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
-		MethodKit.removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, objectOfExtensionClass);;
+		MethodKit.removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, objectOfExtensionClass);
 	}
 	
 	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/EngineConfig.java

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.SharedMethodKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.directive.*;
-// import com.jfinal.template.ext.sharedmethod.Json;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.sharedmethod.SharedMethodLib;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.EncoderFactory;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.WriterBuffer;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.FileSource;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.FileSourceFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
 
 /**
  * EngineConfig
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	
 	public static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
 	
+	WriterBuffer writerBuffer = new WriterBuffer();
+	
 	private Map<String, Define> sharedFunctionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
 	private List<ISource> sharedFunctionSourceList = new ArrayList<ISource>();		// for devMode only
 	
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	
 	private IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory = OutputDirectiveFactory.me;
 	private ISourceFactory sourceFactory = new FileSourceFactory();
-	private Map<String, Stat> directiveMap = new HashMap<String, Stat>();
+	private Map<String, Class<? extends Directive>> directiveMap = new HashMap<String, Class<? extends Directive>>();
 	private SharedMethodKit sharedMethodKit = new SharedMethodKit();
 	
 	private boolean devMode = false;
@@ -63,14 +66,16 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	
 	public EngineConfig() {
 		// Add official directive of Template Engine
-		addDirective("render", new RenderDirective());
+		addDirective("render", RenderDirective.class);
-		addDirective("date", new DateDirective());
+		addDirective("date", DateDirective.class);
-		addDirective("escape", new EscapeDirective());
+		addDirective("escape", EscapeDirective.class);
-		addDirective("string", new StringDirective());
+		addDirective("string", StringDirective.class);
-		addDirective("random", new RandomDirective());
+		addDirective("random", RandomDirective.class);
+		addDirective("number", NumberDirective.class);
 		
 		// Add official shared method of Template Engine
 		// addSharedMethod(new Json());
+		addSharedMethod(new SharedMethodLib());
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -268,6 +273,17 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("encoding can not be blank");
 		}
 		this.encoding = encoding;
+		
+		writerBuffer.setEncoding(encoding);		// 间接设置 EncoderFactory.encoding
+	}
+	
+	public void setEncoderFactory(EncoderFactory encoderFactory) {
+		writerBuffer.setEncoderFactory(encoderFactory);
+		writerBuffer.setEncoding(encoding);		// 间接设置 EncoderFactory.encoding
+	}
+	
+	public void setWriterBufferSize(int bufferSize) {
+		writerBuffer.setBufferSize(bufferSize);
 	}
 	
 	public String getEncoding() {
@@ -289,20 +305,25 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 		this.reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode = reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode;
 	}
 	
-	public synchronized void addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+	@Deprecated
+	public void addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+		addDirective(directiveName, directive.getClass());
+	}
+	
+	public synchronized void addDirective(String directiveName, Class<? extends Directive> directiveClass) {
 		if (StrKit.isBlank(directiveName)) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive name can not be blank");
 		}
-		if (directive == null) {
+		if (directiveClass == null) {
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive can not be null");
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directiveClass can not be null");
 		}
 		if (directiveMap.containsKey(directiveName)) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive already exists : " + directiveName);
 		}
-		directiveMap.put(directiveName, directive);
+		directiveMap.put(directiveName, directiveClass);
 	}
 	
-	public Stat getDirective(String directiveName) {
+	public Class<? extends Directive> getDirective(String directiveName) {
 		return directiveMap.get(directiveName);
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Env.java

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ public class Env {
 		return engineConfig;
 	}
 	
+	public boolean isDevMode() {
+		return engineConfig.isDevMode();
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * Add template function
 	 */

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Template.java

@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template;
 
+import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.ByteWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.CharWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.FastStringWriter;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
 
@@ -42,27 +46,57 @@ public class Template {
 		this.ast = ast;
 	}
 	
+	/**
+	 * 渲染到 OutputStream 中去
+	 */
+	public void render(Map<?, ?> data, OutputStream outputStream) {
+		ByteWriter byteWriter = env.engineConfig.writerBuffer.getByteWriter(outputStream);
+		try {
+			ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), byteWriter);
+		} finally {
+			byteWriter.close();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 支持无 data 参数，渲染到 OutputStream 中去 <br>
+	 * 适用于数据在模板中通过表达式和语句直接计算得出等等应用场景
+	 */
+	public void render(OutputStream outputStream) {
+		render(null, outputStream);
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * 渲染到 Writer 中去
 	 */
 	public void render(Map<?, ?> data, Writer writer) {
-		ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), writer);
+		CharWriter charWriter = env.engineConfig.writerBuffer.getCharWriter(writer);
+		try {
+			ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), charWriter);
+		} finally {
+			charWriter.close();
+		}
 	}
 	
 	/**
 	 * 支持无 data 参数，渲染到 Writer 中去 <br>
-	 * 适用于数据在模板中通过表达式和语句直接计算得出等等应用场景<br>
+	 * 适用于数据在模板中通过表达式和语句直接计算得出等等应用场景
-	 * 此外，其它所有 render 方法也支持传入 null 值 data 参数
 	 */
 	public void render(Writer writer) {
-		ast.exec(env, new Scope(null, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), writer);
+		render(null, writer);
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * 渲染到 FastStringWriter 中去
+	 * 渲染到 String 中去
 	 */
-	public void render(Map<?, ?> data, FastStringWriter fastStringWriter) {
+	public String renderToString(Map<?, ?> data) {
-		ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), fastStringWriter);
+		FastStringWriter fsw = env.engineConfig.writerBuffer.getFastStringWriter();
+		try {
+			render(data, fsw);
+			return fsw.toString();
+		} finally {
+			fsw.close();
+		}
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -74,13 +108,6 @@ public class Template {
 		return fsw.getBuffer();
 	}
 	
-	/**
-	 * 渲染到 String 中去
-	 */
-	public String renderToString(Map<?, ?> data) {
-		return renderToStringBuilder(data).toString();
-	}
-	
 	public boolean isModified() {
 		return env.isSourceListModified();
 	}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ExprParser.java

@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ public class ExprParser {
 	
 	public ForCtrl parseForCtrl() {
 		Expr forCtrl = parse(false);
+		
+		// 可能返回 ExprList.NULL_EXPR_LIST，必须做判断
 		if (forCtrl instanceof ForCtrl) {
 			return (ForCtrl)forCtrl;
 		} else {
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ public class ExprParser {
 	/**
 	 * exprList : expr (',' expr)*
 	 */
-	Expr exprList() {
+	ExprList exprList() {
 		List<Expr> exprList = new ArrayList<Expr>();
 		while (true) {
 			Expr stat = expr();
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ public class ExprParser {
 				return new StaticMethod(clazz, memberName, location);
 			}
 			
-			ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+			ExprList exprList = exprList();
 			match(Sym.RPAREN);
 			return new StaticMethod(clazz, memberName, exprList, location);
 		}
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ public class ExprParser {
 			return indexMethodField(sharedMethod);
 		}
 		
-		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		ExprList exprList = exprList();
 		SharedMethod sharedMethod = new SharedMethod(engineConfig.getSharedMethodKit(), tok.value(), exprList, location);
 		match(Sym.RPAREN);
 		return indexMethodField(sharedMethod);
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ public class ExprParser {
 			}
 			
 			// expr '.' ID '(' exprList ')'
-			ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+			ExprList exprList = exprList();
 			match(Sym.RPAREN);
 			expr = new Method(expr, tok.value(), exprList, location);
 		}
@@ -498,7 +500,7 @@ public class ExprParser {
 			move();
 			return new Array(ExprList.NULL_EXPR_ARRAY, location);
 		}
-		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		ExprList exprList = exprList();
 		if (exprList.length() == 1 && peek().sym == Sym.RANGE) {
 			move();
 			Expr end = expr();
@@ -560,13 +562,13 @@ public class ExprParser {
 	/**
 	 * forControl : ID : expr | exprList? ';' expr? ';' exprList?
 	 */
-	Expr forCtrl() {
+	ForCtrl forCtrl() {
-		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		ExprList exprList = exprList();
 		if (peek().sym == Sym.SEMICOLON) {
 			move();
 			Expr cond = expr();
 			match(Sym.SEMICOLON);
-			Expr update = exprList();
+			ExprList update = exprList();
 			return new ForCtrl(exprList, cond, update, location);
 		}
 		

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Compare.java

@@ -94,9 +94,11 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 			case Arith.FLOAT:
 				// 此法仅适用于两个对象类型相同的情况，升级为 BigDecimal 后精度会再高几个数量级
 				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) == Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+				return l.floatValue() == r.floatValue();
 			case Arith.DOUBLE:
 				// 此法仅适用于两个对象类型相同的情况，升级为 BigDecimal 后精度会再高几个数量级
 				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) == Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+				return l.doubleValue() == r.doubleValue();
 			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
 				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
 				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) == 0;
@@ -120,8 +122,10 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 				return l.longValue() > r.longValue();
 			case Arith.FLOAT:
 				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) > Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+				return l.floatValue() > r.floatValue();
 			case Arith.DOUBLE:
 				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) > Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+				return l.doubleValue() > r.doubleValue();
 			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
 				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
 				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) > 0;
@@ -150,8 +154,10 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 				return l.longValue() >= r.longValue();
 			case Arith.FLOAT:
 				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) >= Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+				return l.floatValue() >= r.floatValue();
 			case Arith.DOUBLE:
 				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) >= Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+				return l.doubleValue() >= r.doubleValue();
 			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
 				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
 				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) >= 0;
@@ -180,8 +186,10 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 				return l.longValue() < r.longValue();
 			case Arith.FLOAT:
 				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) < Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+				return l.floatValue() < r.floatValue();
 			case Arith.DOUBLE:
 				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) < Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+				return l.doubleValue() < r.doubleValue();
 			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
 				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
 				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) < 0;
@@ -210,8 +218,10 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 				return l.longValue() <= r.longValue();
 			case Arith.FLOAT:
 				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) <= Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+				return l.floatValue() <= r.floatValue();
 			case Arith.DOUBLE:
 				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) <= Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+				return l.doubleValue() <= r.doubleValue();
 			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
 				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
 				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) <= 0;

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Const.java

@@ -72,10 +72,6 @@ public class Const extends Expr {
 		return value;
 	}
 	
-	public String toString() {
-		return value.toString();
-	}
-	
 	public boolean isStr() {
 		return type == Sym.STR;
 	}
@@ -139,6 +135,10 @@ public class Const extends Expr {
 	public Double getDouble() {
 		return (Double)value;
 	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return value != null ? value.toString() : "null";
+	}
 }
 
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/ExprList.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
@@ -25,24 +26,40 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class ExprList extends Expr {
 	
+	public static final Expr NULL_EXPR = NullExpr.me;
 	public static final Expr[] NULL_EXPR_ARRAY = new Expr[0];
+	public static final ExprList NULL_EXPR_LIST = new ExprList(new ArrayList<Expr>(0));
+	
 	public static final Object[] NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY =  new Object[0];
-	public static final ExprList NULL_EXPR_LIST = new ExprList();
 	
 	private Expr[] exprArray;
 	
-	private ExprList() {
-		this.exprArray = NULL_EXPR_ARRAY;
-	}
-	
 	public ExprList(List<Expr> exprList) {
-		if (exprList != null && exprList.size() > 0) {
+		if (exprList.size() > 0) {
 			exprArray = exprList.toArray(new Expr[exprList.size()]);
 		} else {
 			exprArray = NULL_EXPR_ARRAY;
 		}
 	}
 	
+	/**
+	 * 持有 ExprList 的指令可以通过此方法提升 AST 执行性能
+	 * 1：当 exprArray.length == 1 时返回 exprArray[0]
+	 * 2：当 exprArray.length == 0 时返回 NullExpr
+	 * 3：其它情况返回 ExprList 自身
+	 * 
+	 * 意义在于，当满足前面两个条件时，避免掉了 ExprList.eval(...) 方法中的判断与循环
+	 */
+	public Expr getActualExpr() {
+		if (exprArray.length == 1) {
+			return exprArray[0];
+		} else if (exprArray.length == 0) {
+			return NULL_EXPR;
+		} else {
+			return this;
+		}
+	}
+	
 	public Expr[] getExprArray() {
 		return exprArray;
 	}
@@ -54,6 +71,14 @@ public class ExprList extends Expr {
 		return exprArray[index];
 	}
 	
+	public Expr getFirstExpr() {
+		return exprArray.length > 0 ? exprArray[0] : null;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getLastExpr() {
+		return exprArray.length > 0 ? exprArray[exprArray.length - 1] : null;
+	}
+	
 	public int length() {
 		return exprArray.length;
 	}
@@ -62,11 +87,20 @@ public class ExprList extends Expr {
 	 * 对所有表达式求值，只返回最后一个表达式的值
 	 */
 	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
-		Object ret = null;
+		// 优化：绝大多数情况下 length 等于 1
-		for (Expr expr : exprArray) {
+		if (exprArray.length == 1) {
-			ret = expr.eval(scope);
+			return exprArray[0].eval(scope);
 		}
-		return ret;
+		
+		if (exprArray.length == 0) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		int end = exprArray.length - 1;
+		for (int i=0; i<end; i++) {
+			exprArray[i].eval(scope);
+		}
+		return exprArray[end].eval(scope);
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -87,3 +121,4 @@ public class ExprList extends Expr {
 
 
 
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Field.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
 // import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Model;
 // import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Record;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 	private Expr expr;
 	private String fieldName;
 	private String getterName;
+	private long getterNameHash;
 	
 	public Field(Expr expr, String fieldName, Location location) {
 		if (expr == null) {
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 		this.expr = expr;
 		this.fieldName = fieldName;
 		this.getterName = "get" + StrKit.firstCharToUpperCase(fieldName);
+		// fnv1a64 hash 到比 String.hashCode() 更大的 long 值范围
+		this.getterNameHash = HashKit.fnv1a64(getterName);
 		this.location = location;
 	}
 	
@@ -65,7 +69,8 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
-		String key = FieldKit.getFieldKey(targetClass, getterName);
+		Long key = buildFieldKey(targetClass);
+		
 		MethodInfo getter;
 		try {
 			getter = MethodKit.getGetterMethod(key, targetClass, getterName);
@@ -112,6 +117,10 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 		}
 		throw new TemplateException("Field not found: \"" + fieldName + "\" and getter method not found: \"" + getterName + "()\"", location);
 	}
+	
+	private Long buildFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass) {
+		return targetClass.getName().hashCode() ^ getterNameHash;
+	}
 }
 
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKit.java

@@ -17,21 +17,21 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 
 /**
  * FieldKit
  */
 public class FieldKit {
 	
-	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> fieldCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
+	private static final HashMap<Long, Object> fieldCache = new HashMap<Long, Object>();
 	
-	public static Field getField(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+	public static Field getField(Long key, Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
 		Object field = fieldCache.get(key);
 		if (field == null) {
 			field = doGetField(targetClass, fieldName);
 			if (field != null) {
-				fieldCache.putIfAbsent(key, field);
+				fieldCache.put(key, field);
 			} else {
 				// 对于不存在的 Field，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
 				fieldCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
@@ -49,14 +49,6 @@ public class FieldKit {
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 获取 Field 用于缓存的 key
-	 */
-	public static String getFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass, String getterName) {
-        return new StringBuilder(64).append(targetClass.getName())
-        		.append('.').append(getterName).toString();
-    }
 }
 
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/ForCtrl.java

@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ public class ForCtrl extends Expr {
 	/**
 	 * exprList? ';' expr? ';' exprList?
 	 */
-	public ForCtrl(Expr init, Expr cond, Expr update, Location location) {
+	public ForCtrl(ExprList init, Expr cond, ExprList update, Location location) {
-		this.init = init;
+		this.init = init.getActualExpr();
 		this.cond = cond;
-		this.update = update;
+		this.update = update.getActualExpr();
 		this.id = null;
 		this.expr = null;
 		this.location = location;

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Logic.java

@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ public class Logic extends Expr {
 	private Expr left;		// ! 运算没有 left 参数
 	private Expr right;
 	
+	// 默认为新工作模式
+	private static boolean newWorkMode = true;
+	/**
+	 * 设置为旧工作模式，为了兼容 jfinal 3.3 之前的版本
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
+	public static void setToOldWorkMode() {
+		newWorkMode = false;
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * 构造 || && 结点
 	 */
@@ -95,32 +105,29 @@ public class Logic extends Expr {
 	 * 规则：
 	 * 1：null 返回 false
 	 * 2：boolean 类型，原值返回
-	 * 3：Map、Connection(List被包括在内) 返回 size() > 0
+	 * 3：String、StringBuilder 等一切继承自 CharSequence 类的对象，返回 length > 0
-	 * 4：数组，返回 length > 0
+	 * 4：其它返回 true
-	 * 5：String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer 等继承自 CharSequence 类的对象，返回 length > 0
+	 * 
-	 * 6：Number 类型，返回 value != 0
+	 * 通过 Logic.setToOldWorkMode() 设置，可支持老版本中的以下四个规则：
-	 * 7：Iterator 返回 hasNext() 值
+	 * 1：Number 类型，返回 value != 0
-	 * 8：其它返回 true
+	 * 2：Map、Collection(List被包括在内) 返回 size() > 0
+	 * 3：数组，返回 length > 0
+	 * 4：Iterator 返回 hasNext() 值
 	 */
 	public static boolean isTrue(Object v) {
 		if (v == null) {
 			return false;
 		}
+		
 		if (v instanceof Boolean) {
 			return (Boolean)v;
 		}
-		if (v instanceof Collection) {
-			return ((Collection<?>)v).size() > 0;
-		}
-		if (v instanceof Map) {
-			return ((Map<?, ?>)v).size() > 0;
-		}
-		if (v.getClass().isArray()) {
-			return Array.getLength(v) > 0;
-		}
 		if (v instanceof CharSequence) {
 			return ((CharSequence)v).length() > 0;
 		}
+		
+		// 如果不是新工作模式，则对下面类型进行判断
+		if ( !newWorkMode ) {
 			if (v instanceof Number) {
 				if (v instanceof Double) {
 					return ((Number)v).doubleValue() != 0;
@@ -130,9 +137,23 @@ public class Logic extends Expr {
 				}
 				return ((Number)v).intValue() != 0;
 			}
+			
+			// 下面四种类型的判断已提供了 shared method 扩展，用法如下：
+			// #if(notEmpty(object)) 以及 #if(isEmpty(object))
+			if (v instanceof Collection) {
+				return ((Collection<?>)v).size() > 0;
+			}
+			if (v instanceof Map) {
+				return ((Map<?, ?>)v).size() > 0;
+			}
+			if (v.getClass().isArray()) {
+				return Array.getLength(v) > 0;
+			}
 			if (v instanceof Iterator) {
 				return ((Iterator<?>)v).hasNext();
 			}
+		}
+		
 		return true;
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfo.java

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  */
 public class MethodInfo {
 	
-	protected final String key;
+	protected final Long key;
 	protected final Class<?> clazz;
 	protected final Method method;
 	
 	protected final boolean isVarArgs;
 	protected final Class<?>[] paraTypes;
 	
-	public MethodInfo(String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
+	public MethodInfo(Long key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
 		this.key = key;
 		this.clazz = clazz;
 		this.method = method;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class MethodInfo {
 		return method.invoke(target, finalArgValues);
 	}
 	
-	public String getKey() {
+	public Long getKey() {
 		return key;
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfoExt.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class MethodInfoExt extends MethodInfo {
 	
 	protected Object objectOfExtensionClass;
 	
-	public MethodInfoExt(Object objectOfExtensionClass, String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
+	public MethodInfoExt(Object objectOfExtensionClass, Long key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
 		super(key, clazz, method);
 		this.objectOfExtensionClass = objectOfExtensionClass;
 		

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKeyBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
+
+/**
+ * MethodKeyBuilder
+ */
+public abstract class MethodKeyBuilder {
+	
+	/**
+	 * 生成指定 class、指定方法名、指定方法形参类型的 key 值，用于缓存
+	 */
+	public abstract Long getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes);
+	
+	// 默认使用 FastMethodKeyBuilder
+	static MethodKeyBuilder instance = new FastMethodKeyBuilder();
+	
+	public static MethodKeyBuilder getInstance() {
+		return instance;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 切换到 StrictMethodKeyBuilder
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 特别注意：
+	 *   如果希望将 configEngine(Engine me) 中的 Engine 切换到 StrictMethodKeyBuilder，
+	 *   需要在 YourJFinalConfig extends JFinalConfig 中利用如下代码块才能生效：
+	 * 	  static {
+	 * 			MethodKeyBuilder.useStrictMethodKeyBuilder();
+	 *    }
+	 * 
+	 *   原因是在 com.jfinal.core.Config 中 new Engine() 时 useStrictMethodKeyBuilder()
+	 *   方法并未生效，所以 extension method 生成 method key 时仍然使用的是  FastMethodKeyBuilder
+	 *   以至于在运行时，使用 StrictMethodKeyBuilder 生成的 key 找不到 extension method
+	 * 
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+	public static void useStrictMethodKeyBuilder() {
+		MethodKeyBuilder.instance = new StrictMethodKeyBuilder();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 切换到用户自定义 MethodKeyBuilder
+	 */
+	public static void setMethodKeyBuilder(MethodKeyBuilder methodKeyBuilder) {
+		if (methodKeyBuilder == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("methodKeyBuilder can not be null");
+		}
+		MethodKeyBuilder.instance = methodKeyBuilder;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * FastMethodKeyBuilder
+	 * 
+	 * targetClass、methodName、argTypes 的 hash 直接使用 String.hashCode()
+	 * String.hashCode() 会被缓存，性能更好
+	 */
+	public static class FastMethodKeyBuilder extends MethodKeyBuilder {
+		public Long getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+			long hash = HashKit.FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64;
+			hash ^= targetClass.getName().hashCode();
+			hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
+			
+			hash ^= methodName.hashCode();
+			hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
+			
+			if (argTypes != null) {
+				for (int i=0; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
+					Class<?> type = argTypes[i];
+					if (type != null) {
+						hash ^= type.getName().hashCode();
+						hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return hash;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * StrictMethodKeyBuilder
+	 * 
+	 * targetClass、methodName、argTypes 三部分全部使用 fnv1a64 算法计算 hash
+	 */
+	public static class StrictMethodKeyBuilder extends MethodKeyBuilder {
+		public Long getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+			long hash = HashKit.FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64;
+			
+			hash = fnv1a64(hash, targetClass.getName());
+			hash = fnv1a64(hash, methodName);
+			if (argTypes != null) {
+				for (int i=0; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
+					Class<?> type = argTypes[i];
+					if (type != null) {
+						hash = fnv1a64(hash, type.getName());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return hash;
+		}
+		
+		private long fnv1a64(long offsetBasis, String key) {
+			long hash = offsetBasis;
+			for(int i=0, size=key.length(); i<size; i++) {
+				hash ^= key.charAt(i);
+				hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
+			}
+			return hash;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKit.java

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
-import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.ByteExt;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.DoubleExt;
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	private static final Set<String> forbiddenMethods = new HashSet<String>();
 	private static final Set<Class<?>> forbiddenClasses = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
 	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
-	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
+	private static final HashMap<Long, Object> methodCache = new HashMap<Long, Object>();
 	
 	// 初始化在模板中调用 method 时所在的被禁止使用类
 	static {
@@ -105,12 +103,12 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	
 	public static MethodInfo getMethod(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
 		Class<?>[] argTypes = getArgTypes(argValues);
-		String key = getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
+		Long key = getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
 		Object method = methodCache.get(key);
 		if (method == null) {
 			method = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
 			if (method != null) {
-				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
+				methodCache.put(key, method);
 			} else {
 				// 对于不存在的 Method，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
 				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
@@ -123,12 +121,12 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	 * 获取 getter 方法
 	 * 使用与 Field 相同的 key，避免生成两次 key值
 	 */
-	public static MethodInfo getGetterMethod(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName) {
+	public static MethodInfo getGetterMethod(Long key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName) {
 		Object getterMethod = methodCache.get(key);
 		if (getterMethod == null) {
 			getterMethod = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, NULL_ARG_TYPES);
 			if (getterMethod != null) {
-				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, getterMethod);
+				methodCache.put(key, getterMethod);
 			} else {
 				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
 			}
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 		return argTypes;
 	}
 	
-	private static MethodInfo doGetMethod(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+	private static MethodInfo doGetMethod(Long key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
 		if (forbiddenClasses.contains(targetClass)) {
 			throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden class: " + targetClass.getName());
 		}
@@ -229,23 +227,8 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	/**
 	 * 获取方法用于缓存的 key
 	 */
-	private static String getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+	private static Long getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
-        StringBuilder key = new StringBuilder(96);
+		return MethodKeyBuilder.instance.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
-        key.append(targetClass.getName());
-        key.append('.').append(methodName);
-        if (argTypes != null && argTypes.length > 0) {
-        	createArgTypesDigest(argTypes, key);
-		}
-        return key.toString();
-    }
-	
-	static void createArgTypesDigest(Class<?>[] argTypes, StringBuilder key) {
-		StringBuilder argTypesDigest = new StringBuilder(64);
-		for (int i=0; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
-            Class<?> type = argTypes[i];
-            argTypesDigest.append(type != null ? type.getName() : "null");
-        }
-		key.append(HashKit.md5(argTypesDigest.toString()));
 	}
 	
 	// 以下代码实现 extension method 功能 --------------------
@@ -290,7 +273,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 					throw new RuntimeException("Extension method \"" + methodName + "\" is already exists in class \"" + targetClass.getName() + "\"");
 				}
 			} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {		// Method 找不到才能添加该扩展方法
-				String key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
+				Long key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
 				if (methodCache.containsKey(key)) {
 					throw new RuntimeException(buildMethodSignatureForException("The extension method is already exists: " + extensionClass.getName() + ".", methodName, targetParaTypes));
 				}
@@ -319,7 +302,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 			Class<?>[] targetParaTypes = new Class<?>[extensionMethodParaTypes.length - 1];
 			System.arraycopy(extensionMethodParaTypes, 1, targetParaTypes, 0, targetParaTypes.length);
 			
-			String key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
+			Long key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
 			methodCache.remove(key);
 		}
 	}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/NullExpr.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * NullExpr
+ */
+public class NullExpr extends Expr {
+	
+	public static final NullExpr me = new NullExpr();
+	
+	private NullExpr() {}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/NullSafe.java

@@ -49,15 +49,18 @@ public class NullSafe extends Expr {
 		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
 		boolean oldNullSafeValue = ctrl.isNullSafe();
 		
-		Object ret;
 		try {
 			ctrl.setNullSafe(true);
-			ret = left.eval(scope);
+			Object ret = left.eval(scope);
+			if (ret != null) {
+				return ret;
+			}
 		} finally {
 			ctrl.setNullSafe(oldNullSafeValue);
 		}
 		
-		return ret == null && right != null ? right.eval(scope) : ret;
+		// right 表达式处于 null safe 区域之外
+		return right != null ? right.eval(scope) : null;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -66,3 +69,4 @@ public class NullSafe extends Expr {
 
 
 
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethodKit.java

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
 
 /**
@@ -32,27 +33,27 @@ import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
  */
 public class SharedMethodKit {
 	
-	private static final Set<String> excludedMethodKey = new HashSet<String>();
+	private static final Set<Long> excludedMethodKey = new HashSet<Long>();
 	
 	static {
 		Method[] methods = Object.class.getMethods();
 		for (Method method : methods) {
-			String key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
+			Long key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
 			excludedMethodKey.add(key);
 		}
 	}
 	
 	private final List<SharedMethodInfo> sharedMethodList = new ArrayList<SharedMethodInfo>();
-	private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SharedMethodInfo> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, SharedMethodInfo>();
+	private final HashMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo> methodCache = new HashMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo>();
 	
 	public SharedMethodInfo getSharedMethodInfo(String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
 		Class<?>[] argTypes = MethodKit.getArgTypes(argValues);
-		String key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, argTypes);
+		Long key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, argTypes);
 		SharedMethodInfo method = methodCache.get(key);
 		if (method == null) {
 			method = doGetSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argTypes);
 			if (method != null) {
-				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
+				methodCache.put(key, method);
 			}
 			// shared method 不支持 null safe，不缓存: methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE)
 		}
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 			SharedMethodInfo current = it.next();
 			String methodName = method.getName();
 			if (current.getName().equals(methodName)) {
-				String key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, method.getParameterTypes());
+				Long key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, method.getParameterTypes());
 				if (current.getKey().equals(key)) {
 					it.remove();
 				}
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 		
 		Method[] methods = sharedClass.getMethods();
 		for (Method method : methods) {
-			String key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
+			Long key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
 			if (excludedMethodKey.contains(key)) {
 				continue ;
 			}
@@ -144,19 +145,27 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	private static String getSharedMethodKey(String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+	private static Long getSharedMethodKey(String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
-        StringBuilder key = new StringBuilder(64);
+		long hash = HashKit.FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64;
-        key.append(methodName);
+		hash ^= methodName.hashCode();
-        if (argTypes != null && argTypes.length > 0) {
+		hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
-        	MethodKit.createArgTypesDigest(argTypes, key);
+		
+		if (argTypes != null) {
+			for (int i=0; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
+				Class<?> type = argTypes[i];
+				if (type != null) {
+					hash ^= type.getName().hashCode();
+					hash *= HashKit.FNV_PRIME_64;
 				}
-        return key.toString();
+			}
+		}
+		return hash;
 	}
 	
 	static class SharedMethodInfo extends MethodInfo {
 		final Object target;
 		
-		private SharedMethodInfo(String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method, Object target) {
+		private SharedMethodInfo(Long key, Class<?> clazz, Method method, Object target) {
 			super(key, clazz, method);
 			this.target = target;
 		}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/DateDirective.java

@@ -16,24 +16,28 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
+import java.io.IOException;
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**
- * 不带参时，按默认 pattern 输出当前日期
+ * #date 日期格式化输出指令
  * 
- * #date() 指令支持无参时获取当前指令，第一个参数 string 当成是 pattern
+ * 三种用法：
+ * 1：#date(createAt) 用默认 datePattern 配置，输出 createAt 变量中的日期值
+ * 2：#date(createAt, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") 用第二个参数指定的 datePattern，输出 createAt 变量中的日期值
+ * 3：#date() 用默认 datePattern 配置，输出 “当前” 日期值
  * 
- * 日期输出指令，第一个参数是被输出的 java.util.Date 对象或其子类对象
+ * 注意：
- * 无第二个参数时按默认 patter 输出，第二个参数为 expr 表达式，表示 pattern
+ * 1：#date 指令中的参数可以是变量，例如：#date(d, p) 中的 d 与 p 可以全都是变量
- * 第二个为 date 时，表示当第一个为 null 时的默认值
+ * 2：默认 datePattern 可通过 Engine.setDatePattern(...) 进行配置
  */
 public class DateDirective extends Directive {
 	
@@ -51,34 +55,32 @@ public class DateDirective extends Directive {
 			this.valueExpr = null;
 			this.datePatternExpr = null;
 		} else if (paraNum == 1) {
-			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[0];
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExpr(0);
 			this.datePatternExpr = null;
 		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
-			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[0];
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExpr(0);
-			this.datePatternExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[1];
+			this.datePatternExpr = exprList.getExpr(1);
 		}
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
-		if (paraNum == 0) {
+		if (paraNum == 1) {
-			outputToday(env, writer);
-		} else if (paraNum == 1) {
 			outputWithoutDatePattern(env, scope, writer);
 		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
 			outputWithDatePattern(env, scope, writer);
+		} else {
+			outputToday(env, writer);
 		}
 	}
 	
 	private void outputToday(Env env, Writer writer) {
-		Object value = format(new java.util.Date(), env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
+		write(writer, new Date(), env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
-		write(writer, value.toString());
 	}
 	
 	private void outputWithoutDatePattern(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
 		if (value != null) {
-			value = format(value, env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
+			write(writer, (Date)value, env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
-			write(writer, value.toString());
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -88,18 +90,18 @@ public class DateDirective extends Directive {
 			return ;
 		}
 		
-		Object dp = this.datePatternExpr.eval(scope);
+		Object datePattern = this.datePatternExpr.eval(scope);
-		if ( !(dp instanceof String) ) {
+		if ( !(datePattern instanceof String) ) {
-			throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter dataPattern of #date directive must be String", location);
+			throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter datePattern of #date directive must be String", location);
-		}
-		value = format(value, (String)dp);
-		write(writer, value.toString());
 		}
 		
-	private String format(Object value, String datePattern) {
+		write(writer, (Date)value, (String)datePattern);
+	}
+	
+	private void write(Writer writer, Date date, String datePattern) {
 		try {
-			return new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern).format(value);
+			writer.write(date, datePattern);
-		} catch (Exception e) {
+		} catch (IOException e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 	}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/EscapeDirective.java

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/NowDirective.java

@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
+import java.io.IOException;
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
@@ -39,22 +40,21 @@ public class NowDirective extends Directive {
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
-		String dataPattern;
+		String datePattern;
 		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
-			dataPattern = env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern();
+			datePattern = env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern();
 		} else {
 			Object dp = exprList.eval(scope);
 			if (dp instanceof String) {
-				dataPattern = (String)dp;
+				datePattern = (String)dp;
 			} else {
-				throw new TemplateException("The parameter of #new directive must be String", location);
+				throw new TemplateException("The parameter of #now directive must be String", location);
 			}
 		}
 		
 		try {
-			String value = new SimpleDateFormat(dataPattern).format(new java.util.Date());
+			writer.write(new Date(), datePattern);
-			write(writer, value);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
-		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 	}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/NumberDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * #number 数字格式化输出指令
+ * 
+ * 两种用法：
+ * 1：#number(n) 用默认 pattern 输出变量中的值
+ * 2：#number(n, "#.##") 用第二个参数指定的 pattern 输出变量中的值
+ * 
+ * 注意：
+ * 1：pattern 的使用与 java.text.DecimalFormat 的完全一样
+ *    在拿不定主意的时候可以在搜索引擎中搜索关键字：DecimalFormat
+ * 2：#number 指令中的参数可以是变量，例如：#number(n, p) 中的 n 与 p 可以全都是变量
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 示例：
+ * #number(3.1415926, "#.##")
+ * #number(0.9518, "#.##%")
+ * #number(300000, "光速为每秒 ,### 公里。")
+ * 
+ * #set(n = 1.234)
+ * #set(p = "#.##")
+ * #number(n, p)
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class NumberDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	private Expr valueExpr;
+	private Expr patternExpr;
+	private int paraNum;
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		this.paraNum = exprList.length();
+		if (paraNum == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #number directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (paraNum > 2) {
+			throw new ParseException("Wrong number parameter of #number directive, two parameters allowed at most", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (paraNum == 1) {
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExpr(0);
+			this.patternExpr = null;
+		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExpr(0);
+			this.patternExpr = exprList.getExpr(1);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
+		if (value == null) {
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		if (paraNum == 1) {
+			outputWithoutPattern(writer, value);
+		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
+			outputWithPattern(scope, writer, value);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private void outputWithoutPattern(Writer writer, Object value) {	
+		String ret = new DecimalFormat().format(value);
+		write(writer, ret);
+	}
+	
+	private void outputWithPattern(Scope scope, Writer writer, Object value) {
+		Object pattern = patternExpr.eval(scope);
+		if ( !(pattern instanceof String) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter pattern of #number directive must be String", location);
+		}
+		
+		String ret = new DecimalFormat((String)pattern).format(value);
+		write(writer, ret);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RandomDirective.java

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RenderDirective.java

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Include;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.StatList;
 
 /**
  * #render 指令用于动态渲染子模板，作为 include 指令的补充
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
 		if (statInfo == null) {
 			statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
 			statInfoCache.put(subFileName, statInfo);
-		} else if (env.getEngineConfig().isDevMode()) {
+		} else if (env.isDevMode()) {
 			// statInfo.env.isSourceListModified() 逻辑可以支持 #render 子模板中的 #include 过来的子模板在 devMode 下在修改后可被重加载
 			if (statInfo.source.isModified() || statInfo.env.isSourceListModified()) {
 				statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
@@ -130,8 +131,8 @@ public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
 		
 		try {
 			EnvSub envSub = new EnvSub(env);
-			Stat stat = new Parser(envSub, fileSource.getContent(), subFileName).parse();
+			StatList statList = new Parser(envSub, fileSource.getContent(), subFileName).parse();
-			return new StatInfo(envSub, stat, fileSource);
+			return new StatInfo(envSub, statList.getActualStat(), fileSource);
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/StringDirective.java

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
-import com.jfinal.template.FastStringWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.CharWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.FastStringWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
@@ -68,8 +69,14 @@ public class StringDirective extends Directive {
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		CharWriter charWriter = new CharWriter(64);
 		FastStringWriter fsw = new FastStringWriter();
-		stat.exec(env, scope, fsw);
+		charWriter.init(fsw);
+		try {
+			stat.exec(env, scope, charWriter);
+		} finally {
+			charWriter.close();
+		}
 		
 		if (this.isLocalAssignment) {
 			scope.setLocal(name, fsw.toString());

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/sharedmethod/SharedMethodLib.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.sharedmethod;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * SharedMethodLib 共享方法库，逐步添加一些最常用的共享方法
+ * 
+ * <br>
+ * 3.3 版本之前的 Logic.isTrue(Object) 方法不再对  Collection、
+ * Map、数组、Iterator、Iterable 进行为空的判断，这部分逻辑已转移至
+ * SharedMethodLib.isEmpty(Object)
+ */
+public class SharedMethodLib {
+	
+	/**
+	 * 判断 Collection、Map、数组、Iterator、Iterable 类型对象中的元素个数是否为 0
+	 * 规则：
+	 * 1：null 返回 true
+	 * 2：List、Set 等一切继承自 Collection 的，返回 isEmpty()
+	 * 3：Map 返回 isEmpty()
+	 * 4：数组返回 length == 0
+	 * 5：Iterator 返回  ! hasNext()
+	 * 6：Iterable 返回  ! iterator().hasNext()
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：原先 Logic.isTrue(Object) 中对集合与数组类型为空的判断转移到此方法中
+	 */
+	public Boolean isEmpty(Object v) {
+		if (v == null) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		
+		if (v instanceof Collection) {
+			return ((Collection<?>)v).isEmpty();
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Map) {
+			return ((Map<?, ?>)v).isEmpty();
+		}
+		
+		if (v.getClass().isArray()) {
+			return Array.getLength(v) == 0;
+		}
+		
+		if (v instanceof Iterator) {
+			return ! ((Iterator<?>)v).hasNext();
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Iterable) {
+			return ! ((Iterable<?>)v).iterator().hasNext();
+		}
+		
+		throw new IllegalArgumentException("isEmpty(...) 方法只能接受 Collection、Map、数组、Iterator、Iterable 类型参数");
+	}
+	
+	public Boolean notEmpty(Object v) {
+		return !isEmpty(v);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalView.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.ext.spring;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@ public class JFinalView extends AbstractTemplateView {
 			}
 		}
 		
-		Writer writer = response.getWriter();
+		OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
-		JFinalViewResolver.engine.getTemplate(getUrl()).render(model, writer);
+		JFinalViewResolver.engine.getTemplate(getUrl()).render(model, os);
-		writer.flush();
 	}
 }
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalViewResolver.java

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ package com.jfinal.template.ext.spring;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateViewResolver;
 import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
@@ -54,6 +56,15 @@ public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
 	static boolean sessionInView = false;
 	static boolean createSession = true;
 	
+	private static JFinalViewResolver me = null;
+	
+	/**
+	 * me 会保存在第一次被创建对象
+	 */
+	public static JFinalViewResolver me() {
+		return me;
+	}
+	
 	public Engine getEngine() {
 		return engine;
 	}
@@ -83,6 +94,24 @@ public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
 		}
 	}
 	
+	/**
+	 * 通过 List 配置多个 shared function file
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 配置示例：
+	 * 	<property name="sharedFunctionList">
+	 *     	<list>
+	 *     		<value>_layout.html</value>
+	 *     		<value>_paginate.html</value>
+	 *     	</list>
+	 * 	</property>
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+	public void setSharedFunctionList(List<String> sharedFunctionList) {
+		if (sharedFunctionList != null) {
+			JFinalViewResolver.sharedFunctionFiles.addAll(sharedFunctionList);
+		}
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * 添加 shared function 文件，可调用多次添加多个文件
 	 */
@@ -94,8 +123,16 @@ public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
 	/**
 	 * 添加自定义指令
 	 */
+	public void addDirective(String directiveName, Class<? extends Directive> directiveClass) {
+		engine.addDirective(directiveName, directiveClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加自定义指令，已被 addDirective(String, Class<? extends Directive>) 方法取代
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
 	public void addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
-		engine.addDirective(directiveName, directive);
+		addDirective(directiveName, directive.getClass());
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -196,6 +233,12 @@ public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
 	// ---------------------------------------------------------------
 	
 	public JFinalViewResolver() {
+		synchronized(JFinalViewResolver.class) {
+			if (me == null) {
+				me = this;
+			}
+		}
+		
 		setViewClass(requiredViewClass());
 		setOrder(0);
 		setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
@@ -208,12 +251,30 @@ public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
 		return JFinalView.class;
 	}
 	
+	/**
+	 * 支持 jfinal enjoy、jsp、freemarker、velocity 四类模板共存于一个项目中
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：这里采用识别 ".jsp"、".ftl"、".vm" 模板后缀名的方式来实现功能
+	 *     所以 jfinal enjoy 模板不要采用上述三种后缀名，否则功能将失效
+	 *     还要注意与 jsp、freemarker、velocity 以外类型模板共存使用时
+	 *     需要改造该方法
+	 */
+	protected View loadView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
+		String suffix = getSuffix();
+		if (".jsp".equals(suffix) || ".ftl".equals(suffix) || ".vm".equals(suffix)) {
+			return null;
+		} else {
+			return super.loadView(viewName, locale);
+		}
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * spring 回调，利用 ServletContext 做必要的初始化工作
 	 */
 	@Override
 	protected void initServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
 		super.initServletContext(servletContext);
+		super.setExposeRequestAttributes(true);
 		
 		initBaseTemplatePath(servletContext);
 		initSharedFunction();

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/ByteWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * ByteWriter
+ */
+public class ByteWriter extends Writer {
+	
+	OutputStream out;
+	Encoder encoder;
+	
+	char[] chars;
+	byte[] bytes;
+	
+	public ByteWriter(Encoder encoder, int bufferSize) {
+		this.encoder = encoder;
+		this.chars = new char[bufferSize];
+		this.bytes = new byte[bufferSize * ((int)encoder.maxBytesPerChar())];
+	}
+	
+	public ByteWriter init(OutputStream outputStream) {
+		this.out = outputStream;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public void flush() throws IOException {
+		out.flush();
+	}
+	
+	public void close() {
+		try {
+			if (out != null) {
+				out.flush();
+			}
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		} finally {
+			out = null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void write(String str, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+		while (len > chars.length) {
+			write(str, offset, chars.length);
+			offset += chars.length;
+			len -= chars.length;
+		}
+		
+		str.getChars(offset, offset + len, chars, 0);
+		int byteLen = encoder.encode(chars, 0, len, bytes);
+		out.write(bytes, 0, byteLen);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(String str) throws IOException {
+		write(str, 0, str.length());
+	}
+	
+	public void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+		while (len > chars.length) {
+			write(stringBuilder, offset, chars.length);
+			offset += chars.length;
+			len -= chars.length;
+		}
+		
+		stringBuilder.getChars(offset, offset + len, chars, 0);
+		int byteLen = encoder.encode(chars, 0, len, bytes);
+		out.write(bytes, 0, byteLen);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder) throws IOException {
+		write(stringBuilder, 0, stringBuilder.length());
+	}
+	
+	public void write(IWritable writable) throws IOException {
+		byte[] data = writable.getBytes();
+		out.write(data, 0, data.length);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(int intValue) throws IOException {
+		IntegerWriter.write(this, intValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(long longValue) throws IOException {
+		LongWriter.write(this, longValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(double doubleValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingWriter.write(this, doubleValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(float floatValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingWriter.write(this, floatValue);
+	}
+	
+	private static final byte[] TRUE_BYTES = "true".getBytes();
+	private static final byte[] FALSE_BYTES = "false".getBytes();
+	
+	public void write(boolean booleanValue) throws IOException {
+		out.write(booleanValue ? TRUE_BYTES : FALSE_BYTES);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/CharWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * CharWriter
+ */
+public class CharWriter extends Writer {
+	
+	java.io.Writer out;
+	char[] chars;
+	
+	public CharWriter(int bufferSize) {
+		this.chars = new char[bufferSize];
+	}
+	
+	public CharWriter init(java.io.Writer writer) {
+		this.out = writer;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public void flush() throws IOException {
+		out.flush();
+	}
+	
+	public void close() {
+		try {
+			if (out != null) {
+				out.flush();
+			}
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		} finally {
+			out = null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void write(String str, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+		while (len > chars.length) {
+			write(str, offset, chars.length);
+			offset += chars.length;
+			len -= chars.length;
+		}
+		
+		str.getChars(offset, offset + len, chars, 0);
+		out.write(chars, 0, len);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(String str) throws IOException {
+		write(str, 0, str.length());
+	}
+	
+	public void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+		while (len > chars.length) {
+			write(stringBuilder, offset, chars.length);
+			offset += chars.length;
+			len -= chars.length;
+		}
+		
+		stringBuilder.getChars(offset, offset + len, chars, 0);
+		out.write(chars, 0, len);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder) throws IOException {
+		write(stringBuilder, 0, stringBuilder.length());
+	}
+	
+	public void write(IWritable writable) throws IOException {
+		char[] data = writable.getChars();
+		out.write(data, 0, data.length);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(int intValue) throws IOException {
+		IntegerWriter.write(this, intValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(long longValue) throws IOException {
+		LongWriter.write(this, longValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(double doubleValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingWriter.write(this, doubleValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(float floatValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingWriter.write(this, floatValue);
+	}
+	
+	private static final char[] TRUE_CHARS = "true".toCharArray();
+	private static final char[] FALSE_CHARS = "false".toCharArray();
+	
+	public void write(boolean booleanValue) throws IOException {
+		out.write(booleanValue ? TRUE_CHARS : FALSE_CHARS);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/DateFormats.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * DateFormats
+ */
+public class DateFormats {
+	
+	private Map<String, SimpleDateFormat> map = new HashMap<String, SimpleDateFormat>();
+	
+	public SimpleDateFormat getDateFormat(String datePattern) {
+		SimpleDateFormat ret = map.get(datePattern);
+		if (ret == null) {
+			ret = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern);
+			map.put(datePattern, ret);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/Encoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+/**
+ * Encoder
+ */
+public abstract class Encoder {
+	
+	public abstract float maxBytesPerChar();
+	
+	public abstract int encode(char[] chars, int offset, int len, byte[] bytes);
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/EncoderFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+
+/**
+ * EncoderFactory
+ */
+public class EncoderFactory {
+	
+	protected Charset charset = Charset.forName(EngineConfig.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
+	
+	void setEncoding(String encoding) {
+		charset = Charset.forName(encoding);
+	}
+	
+	public Encoder getEncoder() {
+		if (Charset.forName("UTF-8").equals(charset)) {
+			return Utf8Encoder.me;
+		} else {
+			return new JdkEncoder(charset);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/FastStringWriter.java

@@ -14,16 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.jfinal.template;
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Writer;
 
 /**
  * FastStringWriter
  * 
- * 由 JDK 中 StringWriter 改造而成，将 StringBuffer 属性替换为
+ * <pre>
- * StringBuilder，避免 StringBuffer 的 synchronized 操作
+ * 由 JDK 中 StringWriter 改造而来，在其基础之上做了如下改变：
+ * 1：StringBuffer 属性改为 StringBuilder，避免了前者的 synchronized 操作
+ * 2：添加了 MAX_SIZE 属性
+ * 3：去掉了 close() 方法声明中的 throws IOException，并添加了代码，原先该方法中无任何代码
+ * </pre>
  */
 public class FastStringWriter extends Writer {
 	
@@ -94,8 +97,20 @@ public class FastStringWriter extends Writer {
     	
     }
     
-    public void close() throws IOException {
+    static int MAX_SIZE = 1024 * 128;
     
+    /**
+     * 由 StringWriter.close() 改造而来，原先该方法中无任何代码 ，改造如下：
+     * 1：去掉 throws IOException
+     * 2：添加 buf 空间释放处理逻辑
+     * 3：添加 buf.setLength(0)，以便于配合 ThreadLocal 回收利用
+     */
+    public void close() {
+    	if (buf.length() > MAX_SIZE) {
+    		buf = new StringBuilder();	// 释放空间占用过大的 buf
+		} else {
+			buf.setLength(0);
+		}
     }
 }
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/FloatingWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * FloatingWriter
+ */
+public class FloatingWriter {
+	
+	public static void write(ByteWriter byteWriter, double doubleValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingDecimal fd = new FloatingDecimal(doubleValue);
+		char[] chars = byteWriter.chars;
+		byte[] bytes = byteWriter.bytes;
+		int len = fd.getChars(chars);
+		for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
+			bytes[i] = (byte)chars[i];
+		}
+		byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, len);
+	}
+	
+	public static void write(ByteWriter byteWriter, float floatValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingDecimal fd = new FloatingDecimal(floatValue);
+		char[] chars = byteWriter.chars;
+		byte[] bytes = byteWriter.bytes;
+		int len = fd.getChars(chars);
+		for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
+			bytes[i] = (byte)chars[i];
+		}
+		byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, len);
+	}
+	
+	public static void write(CharWriter charWriter, double doubleValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingDecimal fd = new FloatingDecimal(doubleValue);
+		char[] chars = charWriter.chars;
+		int len = fd.getChars(chars);
+		charWriter.out.write(chars, 0, len);
+	}
+	
+	public static void write(CharWriter charWriter, float floatValue) throws IOException {
+		FloatingDecimal fd = new FloatingDecimal(floatValue);
+		char[] chars = charWriter.chars;
+		int len = fd.getChars(chars);
+		charWriter.out.write(chars, 0, len);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/IWritable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+/**
+ * IWritable 支持 OutputStream、Writer 双模式动态切换输出
+ * 
+ * 详见 com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Text 中的用法
+ */
+public interface IWritable {
+	
+	/**
+	 * 供 OutputStream 模式下的 ByteWrite 使用
+	 */
+	public byte[] getBytes();
+	
+	/**
+	 * 供 Writer 模式下的 CharWrite 使用
+	 */
+	public char[] getChars();
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/IntegerWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class IntegerWriter {
+	
+    final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
+            99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };
+    
+    final static char [] DigitOnes = {
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+            } ;
+    
+    final static char [] DigitTens = {
+            '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
+            '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
+            '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
+            '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
+            '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
+            '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
+            '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
+            '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
+            '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
+            '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
+            } ;
+    
+    final static char[] digits = {
+            '0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
+            '6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
+            'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
+            'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
+            'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
+            'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
+        };
+    
+    private static final byte[] minValueBytes = "-2147483648".getBytes();
+    private static final char[] minValueChars = "-2147483648".toCharArray();
+    
+	public static void write(ByteWriter byteWriter, int i) throws IOException {
+        if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+        	byteWriter.out.write(minValueBytes, 0, minValueBytes.length);
+        	return ;
+        }
+        
+        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
+        char[] chars = byteWriter.chars;
+        byte[] bytes = byteWriter.bytes;
+        getChars(i, size, chars);
+        
+        // int len = Utf8Encoder.me.encode(chars, 0, size, bytes);
+        // byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, len);
+        
+        for (int j=0; j<size; j++) {
+        	bytes[j] = (byte)chars[j];
+        }
+        byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, size);
+    }
+	
+	public static void write(CharWriter charWriter, int i) throws IOException {
+        if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+        	charWriter.out.write(minValueChars, 0, minValueChars.length);
+        	return ;
+        }
+        
+        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
+        char[] chars = charWriter.chars;
+        getChars(i, size, chars);
+        charWriter.out.write(chars, 0, size);
+    }
+	
+    static int stringSize(int x) {
+        for (int i=0; ; i++)
+            if (x <= sizeTable[i])
+                return i+1;
+    }
+    
+    static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
+        int q, r;
+        int charPos = index;
+        char sign = 0;
+
+        if (i < 0) {
+            sign = '-';
+            i = -i;
+        }
+
+        // Generate two digits per iteration
+        while (i >= 65536) {
+            q = i / 100;
+        // really: r = i - (q * 100);
+            r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
+            i = q;
+            buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
+            buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
+        }
+
+        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
+        // assert(i <= 65536, i);
+        for (;;) {
+            q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
+            r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
+            buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
+            i = q;
+            if (i == 0) break;
+        }
+        if (sign != 0) {
+            buf [--charPos] = sign;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/JdkEncoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
+
+/**
+ * JdkEncoder
+ */
+public class JdkEncoder extends Encoder {
+	
+	private CharsetEncoder ce;
+	
+	public JdkEncoder(Charset charset) {
+		this.ce = charset.newEncoder();
+	}
+	
+	public float maxBytesPerChar() {
+		return ce.maxBytesPerChar();
+	}
+	
+	public int encode(char[] chars, int offset, int len, byte[] bytes) {
+		ce.reset();
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+        CharBuffer cb = CharBuffer.wrap(chars, offset, len);
+        try {
+            CoderResult cr = ce.encode(cb, bb, true);
+            if (!cr.isUnderflow())
+                cr.throwException();
+            cr = ce.flush(bb);
+            if (!cr.isUnderflow())
+                cr.throwException();
+            return bb.position();
+        } catch (CharacterCodingException x) {
+            // Substitution is always enabled,
+            // so this shouldn't happen
+        	throw new RuntimeException("Encode error: " + x.getMessage(), x);
+        }
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/LongWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class LongWriter {
+	
+    private static final byte[] minValueBytes = "-9223372036854775808".getBytes();
+    private static final char[] minValueChars = "-9223372036854775808".toCharArray();
+    
+	public static void write(ByteWriter byteWriter, long value) throws IOException {
+		if (value == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
+			byteWriter.out.write(minValueBytes, 0, minValueBytes.length);
+            return ;
+		}
+		
+        int size = (value < 0) ? stringSize(-value) + 1 : stringSize(value);
+        char[] chars = byteWriter.chars;
+        byte[] bytes = byteWriter.bytes;
+        getChars(value, size, chars);
+        
+        // int len = Utf8Encoder.me.encode(chars, 0, size, bytes);
+        // byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, len);
+        
+        for (int j=0; j<size; j++) {
+        	bytes[j] = (byte)chars[j];
+        }
+        byteWriter.out.write(bytes, 0, size);
+    }
+	
+	public static void write(CharWriter charWriter, long i) throws IOException {
+		if (i == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
+            charWriter.out.write(minValueChars, 0, minValueChars.length);
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
+        char[] chars = charWriter.chars;
+        getChars(i, size, chars);
+        charWriter.out.write(chars, 0, size);
+    }
+	
+	static int stringSize(long x) {
+        long p = 10;
+        for (int i=1; i<19; i++) {
+            if (x < p)
+                return i;
+            p = 10*p;
+        }
+        return 19;
+    }
+	
+	static void getChars(long i, int index, char[] buf) {
+        long q;
+        int r;
+        int charPos = index;
+        char sign = 0;
+
+        if (i < 0) {
+            sign = '-';
+            i = -i;
+        }
+
+        // Get 2 digits/iteration using longs until quotient fits into an int
+        while (i > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            q = i / 100;
+            // really: r = i - (q * 100);
+            r = (int)(i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2)));
+            i = q;
+            buf[--charPos] = IntegerWriter.DigitOnes[r];
+            buf[--charPos] = IntegerWriter.DigitTens[r];
+        }
+
+        // Get 2 digits/iteration using ints
+        int q2;
+        int i2 = (int)i;
+        while (i2 >= 65536) {
+            q2 = i2 / 100;
+            // really: r = i2 - (q * 100);
+            r = i2 - ((q2 << 6) + (q2 << 5) + (q2 << 2));
+            i2 = q2;
+            buf[--charPos] = IntegerWriter.DigitOnes[r];
+            buf[--charPos] = IntegerWriter.DigitTens[r];
+        }
+
+        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
+        // assert(i2 <= 65536, i2);
+        for (;;) {
+            q2 = (i2 * 52429) >>> (16+3);
+            r = i2 - ((q2 << 3) + (q2 << 1));  // r = i2-(q2*10) ...
+            buf[--charPos] = IntegerWriter.digits[r];
+            i2 = q2;
+            if (i2 == 0) break;
+        }
+        if (sign != 0) {
+            buf[--charPos] = sign;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/Utf8Encoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException;
+
+/**
+ * Utf8Encoder
+ * 
+ * http://grepcode.com/file/repository.grepcode.com/java/root/jdk/openjdk/8u40-b25/sun/nio/cs/UTF_8.java?av=f
+ * http://grepcode.com/search?query=ArrayEncoder&start=0&entity=type&n=
+ */
+public class Utf8Encoder extends Encoder {
+	
+	public static final Utf8Encoder me = new Utf8Encoder();
+	
+	public float maxBytesPerChar() {
+		return 3.0F;
+	}
+	
+	public int encode(char[] chars, int offset, int len, byte[] bytes) {
+        int sl = offset + len;
+        int dp = 0;
+        int dlASCII = dp + Math.min(len, bytes.length);
+
+        // ASCII only optimized loop
+        while (dp < dlASCII && chars[offset] < '\u0080') {
+            bytes[dp++] = (byte) chars[offset++];
+        }
+
+        while (offset < sl) {
+            char c = chars[offset++];
+            if (c < 0x80) {
+                // Have at most seven bits
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) c;
+            } else if (c < 0x800) {
+                // 2 bytes, 11 bits
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0xc0 | (c >> 6));
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | (c & 0x3f));
+            } else if (c >= '\uD800' && c < ('\uDFFF' + 1)) { //Character.isSurrogate(c) but 1.7
+                final int uc;
+                int ip = offset - 1;
+                if (Character.isHighSurrogate(c)) {
+                    if (sl - ip < 2) {
+                        uc = -1;
+                    } else {
+                        char d = chars[ip + 1];
+                        if (Character.isLowSurrogate(d)) {
+                            uc = Character.toCodePoint(c, d);
+                        } else {
+                            throw new RuntimeException("encode UTF8 error", new MalformedInputException(1));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c)) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException("encode UTF8 error", new MalformedInputException(1));
+                    } else {
+                        uc = c;
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                if (uc < 0) {
+                    bytes[dp++] = (byte) '?';
+                } else {
+                    bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0xf0 | ((uc >> 18)));
+                    bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((uc >> 12) & 0x3f));
+                    bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((uc >> 6) & 0x3f));
+                    bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | (uc & 0x3f));
+                    offset++; // 2 chars
+                }
+            } else {
+                // 3 bytes, 16 bits
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0xe0 | ((c >> 12)));
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3f));
+                bytes[dp++] = (byte) (0x80 | (c & 0x3f));
+            }
+        }
+        return dp;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/Writer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+/**
+ * Writer
+ */
+public abstract class Writer {
+	
+	protected DateFormats formats = new DateFormats();
+	
+	public abstract void flush() throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void close();
+	
+	public abstract void write(IWritable writable) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(String string, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(String string) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(StringBuilder stringBuilder) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(boolean booleanValue) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(int intValue) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(long longValue) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(double doubleValue) throws IOException;
+	
+	public abstract void write(float floatValue) throws IOException;
+	
+	public void write(short shortValue) throws IOException {
+		write((int)shortValue);
+	}
+	
+	public void write(Date date, String datePattern) throws IOException {
+		String str = formats.getDateFormat(datePattern).format(date);
+		write(str, 0, str.length());
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/WriterBuffer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.io;
+
+/**
+ * WriterBuffer
+ */
+public class WriterBuffer {
+	
+	private static final int MIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 64;					// 缓冲区最小 64 字节
+	private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10;	// 缓冲区最大 10M 字节
+	
+	private int bufferSize = 2048;									// 缓冲区大小
+	
+	private EncoderFactory encoderFactory = new EncoderFactory();
+	
+	private final ThreadLocal<ByteWriter> byteWriters = new ThreadLocal<ByteWriter>() {
+		protected ByteWriter initialValue() {
+			return new ByteWriter(encoderFactory.getEncoder(), bufferSize);
+		}
+	};
+	
+	private final ThreadLocal<CharWriter> charWriters = new ThreadLocal<CharWriter>() {
+		protected CharWriter initialValue() {
+			return new CharWriter(bufferSize);
+		}
+	};
+	
+	private final ThreadLocal<FastStringWriter> fastStringWriters = new ThreadLocal<FastStringWriter>() {
+		protected FastStringWriter initialValue() {
+			return new FastStringWriter();
+		}
+	};
+	
+	public ByteWriter getByteWriter(java.io.OutputStream outputStream) {
+		return byteWriters.get().init(outputStream);
+	}
+	
+	public CharWriter getCharWriter(java.io.Writer writer) {
+		return charWriters.get().init(writer);
+	}
+	
+	public FastStringWriter getFastStringWriter() {
+		return fastStringWriters.get();
+	}
+	
+	public void setBufferSize(int bufferSize) {
+		if (bufferSize < MIN_BUFFER_SIZE || bufferSize > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("bufferSize must between " + (MIN_BUFFER_SIZE-1) + " and " + (MAX_BUFFER_SIZE+1));
+		}
+		this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
+	}
+	
+	public void setEncoderFactory(EncoderFactory encoderFactory) {
+		if (encoderFactory == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("encoderFactory can not be null");
+		}
+		this.encoderFactory = encoderFactory;
+	}
+	
+	public void setEncoding(String encoding) {
+		encoderFactory.setEncoding(encoding);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Lexer.java

@@ -141,6 +141,14 @@ class Lexer {
 					continue ;
 				}
 				
+				// 在支持 #seleif 的基础上，支持 #else if
+				if (symbol == Symbol.ELSE) {
+					if (foundFollowingIf()) {
+						id = "else if";
+						symbol = Symbol.ELSEIF;
+					}
+				}
+				
 				// 无参关键字指令
 				if (symbol.noPara()) {
 					return addNoParaToken(new Token(symbol, id, beginRow));
@@ -199,6 +207,22 @@ class Lexer {
 		}
 	}
 	
+	boolean foundFollowingIf() {
+		int p = forward;
+		while (CharTable.isBlank(buf[p])) {p++;}
+		if (buf[p++] == 'i') {
+			if (buf[p++] == 'f') {
+				while (CharTable.isBlank(buf[p])) {p++;}
+				// 要求出现 '(' 才认定解析成功，为了支持这种场景: #else if you ...
+				if (buf[p] == '(') {
+					forward = p;
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
 	/**
 	 * 调用者已确定以字母或下划线开头，故一定可以获取到 id值
 	 */

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Parser.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package com.jfinal.template.stat;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ExprParser;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
@@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ public class Parser {
 		throw new ParseException("Can not match the #end of directive #" + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
 	}
 	
-	public Stat parse() {
+	public StatList parse() {
 		tokenList = new Lexer(content, fileName).scan();
 		tokenList.add(EOF);
-		Stat statList = statList();
+		StatList statList = statList();
 		if (peek() != EOF) {
 			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match " + peek().value(), getLocation(peek().row));
 		}
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public class Parser {
 		switch (name.symbol) {
 		case TEXT:
 			move();
-			return new Text(((TextToken)name).getContent()).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+			return new Text(((TextToken)name).getContent(), env.getEngineConfig().getEncoding()).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
 		case OUTPUT:
 			move();
 			Token para = matchPara(name);
@@ -171,9 +172,9 @@ public class Parser {
 			String functionName = name.value();
 			move();
 			para = matchPara(name);
-			Stat stat = statList();
+			statList = statList();
 			matchEnd(name);
-			return new Define(functionName, parseExprList(para), stat, getLocation(name.row));
+			return new Define(functionName, parseExprList(para), statList, getLocation(name.row));
 		case CALL:
 			functionName = name.value();
 			move();
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ public class Parser {
 			move();
 			return Return.me;
 		case ID:
-			Stat dire = env.getEngineConfig().getDirective(name.value());
+			Class<? extends Directive> dire = env.getEngineConfig().getDirective(name.value());
 			if (dire == null) {
 				throw new ParseException("Directive not found: #" + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
 			}
@@ -215,9 +216,9 @@ public class Parser {
 			para = matchPara(name);
 			ret.setExprList(parseExprList(para));
 			
-			if (dire.hasEnd()) {
+			if (ret.hasEnd()) {
 				statList = statList();
-				ret.setStat(statList);
+				ret.setStat(statList.getActualStat());
 				matchEnd(name);
 			}
 			return ret;
@@ -236,9 +237,9 @@ public class Parser {
 		return new Location(fileName, row);
 	}
 	
-	private Stat createDirective(Stat dire, Token name) {
+	private Stat createDirective(Class<? extends Directive> dire, Token name) {
 		try {
-			return dire.getClass().newInstance();
+			return dire.newInstance();
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), getLocation(name.row), e);
 		}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Scope.java

@@ -90,8 +90,19 @@ public class Scope {
 	 */
 	public Object get(Object key) {
 		for (Scope cur=this; cur!=null; cur=cur.parent) {
-			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+//			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
-				return cur.data.get(key);
+//				return cur.data.get(key);
+//			}
+			
+			if (cur.data != null) {
+				Object ret = cur.data.get(key);
+				if (ret != null) {
+					return ret;
+				}
+				
+				if (cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+					return null;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		// return null;
@@ -229,6 +240,18 @@ public class Scope {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 自内向外在作用域栈中查找变量是否存在
+	 */
+	public boolean exists(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; cur!=null; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 }
 
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Break.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Call.java

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Continue.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Define.java

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Id;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 
 /**
  * Define 定义模板函数：
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ public class Define extends Stat {
 	private String[] parameterNames;
 	private Stat stat;
 	
-	public Define(String functionName, ExprList exprList, Stat stat, Location location) {
+	public Define(String functionName, ExprList exprList, StatList statList, Location location) {
 		setLocation(location);
 		this.functionName = functionName;
-		this.stat = stat;
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
 		
 		Expr[] exprArray = exprList.getExprArray();
 		if (exprArray.length == 0) {

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Else.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ public class Else extends Stat {
 	
 	private Stat stat;
 	
-	public Else(Stat stat) {
+	public Else(StatList statList) {
-		this.stat = stat;
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ElseIf.java

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
@@ -29,16 +30,16 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class ElseIf extends Stat {
 	
-	private ExprList cond;
+	private Expr cond;
 	private Stat stat;
 	private Stat elseIfOrElse;
 	
-	public ElseIf(ExprList cond, Stat stat, Location location) {
+	public ElseIf(ExprList cond, StatList statList, Location location) {
 		if (cond.length() == 0) {
 			throw new ParseException("The condition expression of #else if statement can not be blank", location);
 		}
-		this.cond = cond;
+		this.cond = cond.getActualExpr();
-		this.stat = stat;
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
 	}
 	
 	/**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/For.java

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 public class For extends Stat {
 	
 	private ForCtrl forCtrl;
-	private StatList statList;
+	private Stat stat;
 	private Stat _else;
 	
 	public For(ForCtrl forCtrl, StatList statList, Stat _else) {
 		this.forCtrl = forCtrl;
-		this.statList = statList;
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
 		this._else = _else;
 	}
 	
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class For extends Stat {
 		String itemName = forCtrl.getId();
 		while(it.hasNext()) {
 			scope.setLocal(itemName, it.next());
-			statList.exec(env, scope, writer);
+			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
 			forIteratorStatus.nextState();
 			
 			if (ctrl.isJump()) {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public class For extends Stat {
 		ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
 		for (init.eval(scope); cond == null || Logic.isTrue(cond.eval(scope)); update.eval(scope)) {
 			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
-			statList.exec(env, scope, writer);
+			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
 			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
 			forLoopStatus.nextState();
 			

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ForEntry.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class ForEntry implements Entry<Object, Object> {
 	
 	private Entry<Object, Object> entry;
 	
-	public ForEntry(Entry<Object, Object> entry) {
+	public void init(Entry<Object, Object> entry) {
 		this.entry = entry;
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ForIteratorStatus.java

@@ -60,11 +60,6 @@ public class ForIteratorStatus {
 	
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	private void init(Object target) {
-		if (target == null) {
-			size = 0;
-			iterator = NullIterator.me;
-			return ;
-		}
 		if (target instanceof Collection) {
 			size = ((Collection<?>)target).size();
 			iterator = ((Collection<?>)target).iterator();
@@ -75,6 +70,11 @@ public class ForIteratorStatus {
 			iterator = new MapIterator(((Map<Object, Object>)target).entrySet().iterator());
 			return ;
 		}
+		if (target == null) {	// 必须放在 target.getClass() 之前，避免空指针异常
+			size = 0;
+			iterator = NullIterator.me;
+			return ;
+		}
 		if (target.getClass().isArray()) {
 			size = Array.getLength(target);
 			iterator = new ArrayIterator(target, size);
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ public class ForIteratorStatus {
 class MapIterator implements Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> {
 	
 	private Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> iterator;
+	private ForEntry forEntry = new ForEntry();
 	
 	public MapIterator(Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> iterator) {
 		this.iterator = iterator;
@@ -158,7 +159,8 @@ class MapIterator implements Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> {
 	}
 	
 	public Entry<Object, Object> next() {
-		return new ForEntry((Entry<Object, Object>)iterator.next());
+		forEntry.init(iterator.next());
+		return forEntry;
 	}
 	
 	public void remove() {

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/If.java

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
@@ -29,16 +30,16 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class If extends Stat {
 	
-	private ExprList cond;
+	private Expr cond;
 	private Stat stat;
 	private Stat elseIfOrElse;
 	
-	public If(ExprList cond, Stat stat, Location location) {
+	public If(ExprList cond, StatList statList, Location location) {
 		if (cond.length() == 0) {
 			throw new ParseException("The condition expression of #if statement can not be blank", location);
 		}
-		this.cond = cond;
+		this.cond = cond.getActualExpr();
-		this.stat = stat;
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
 	}
 	
 	/**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Include.java

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public class Include extends Stat {
 			if (config.isDevMode()) {
 				env.addSource(fileSource);
 			}
-			this.stat = parser.parse();
+			this.stat = parser.parse().getActualStat();
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			// 文件路径不正确抛出异常时添加 location 信息
 			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/NullStat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * NullStat
+ */
+public class NullStat extends Stat {
+	
+	public static final NullStat me = new NullStat();
+	
+	private NullStat() {}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Output.java

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
@@ -34,21 +35,41 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class Output extends Stat {
 	
-	private ExprList exprList;
+	private Expr expr;
 	
 	public Output(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
 		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
 			throw new ParseException("The expression of output directive like #(expression) can not be blank", location);
 		}
-		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.expr = exprList.getActualExpr();
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		try {
-			Object value = exprList.eval(scope);
+			Object value = expr.eval(scope);
-			if (value != null) {
+			
-				String str = value.toString();
+			if (value instanceof String) {
+				String str = (String)value;
 				writer.write(str, 0, str.length());
+			} else if (value instanceof Number) {
+				Class<?> c = value.getClass();
+				if (c == Integer.class) {
+					writer.write((Integer)value);
+				} else if (c == Long.class) {
+					writer.write((Long)value);
+				} else if (c == Double.class) {
+					writer.write((Double)value);
+				} else if (c == Float.class) {
+					writer.write((Float)value);
+				} else if (c == Short.class) {
+					writer.write((Short)value);
+				} else {
+					writer.write(value.toString());
+				}
+			} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
+				writer.write((Boolean)value);
+			} else if (value != null) {
+				writer.write(value.toString());
 			}
 		} catch(TemplateException e) {
 			throw e;

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Return.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Set.java

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class Set extends Stat {
 	
-	private ExprList exprList;
+	private Expr expr;
 	
 	public Set(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
 		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ public class Set extends Stat {
 				throw new ParseException("#set directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
 			}
 		}
-		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.expr = exprList.getActualExpr();
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		scope.getCtrl().setWisdomAssignment();
-		exprList.eval(scope);
+		expr.eval(scope);
 	}
 }
 

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetGlobal.java

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class SetGlobal  extends Stat {
 	
-	private ExprList exprList;
+	private Expr expr;
 	
 	public SetGlobal(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
 		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ public class SetGlobal  extends Stat {
 				throw new ParseException("#setGlobal directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
 			}
 		}
-		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.expr = exprList.getActualExpr();
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
 		try {
 			ctrl.setGlobalAssignment();
-			exprList.eval(scope);
+			expr.eval(scope);
 		} finally {
 			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
 		}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetLocal.java

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class SetLocal  extends Stat {
 	
-	final ExprList exprList;
+	final Expr expr;
 	
 	public SetLocal(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
 		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ public class SetLocal  extends Stat {
 				throw new ParseException("#setLocal directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
 			}
 		}
-		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.expr = exprList.getActualExpr();
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
 		try {
 			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
-			exprList.eval(scope);
+			expr.eval(scope);
 		} finally {
 			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
 		}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Stat.java

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
@@ -59,19 +59,6 @@ public abstract class Stat {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 	}
-	
-	protected void write(Writer writer, char[] chars) {
-		try {
-			writer.write(chars, 0, chars.length);
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
-
-
-
-
-

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/StatList.java

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
-import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.List;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
@@ -28,24 +28,44 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
  */
 public class StatList extends Stat {
 	
-	public static final Stat[] NULL_STATS =  new Stat[0];
+	public static final Stat NULL_STAT = NullStat.me;
+	public static final Stat[] NULL_STAT_ARRAY = new Stat[0];
+	
 	private Stat[] statArray;
 	
 	public StatList(List<Stat> statList) {
 		if (statList.size() > 0) {
 			this.statArray = statList.toArray(new Stat[statList.size()]);
 		} else {
-			this.statArray = NULL_STATS;
+			this.statArray = NULL_STAT_ARRAY;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 持有 StatList 的指令可以通过此方法提升 AST 执行性能
+	 * 1：当 statArray.length >  1 时返回 StatList 自身
+	 * 2：当 statArray.length == 1 时返回 statArray[0]
+	 * 3：其它情况返回 NullStat
+	 * 
+	 * 意义在于，当满足前面两个条件时，避免掉了 StatList.exec(...) 方法中的判断与循环
+	 */
+	public Stat getActualStat() {
+		if (statArray.length > 1) {
+			return this;
+		} else if (statArray.length == 1) {
+			return statArray[0];
+		} else {
+			return NULL_STAT;
 		}
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
-		for (Stat stat : statArray) {
+		for (int i=0; i<statArray.length; i++) {
 			if (ctrl.isJump()) {
 				break ;
 			}
-			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);	
+			statArray[i].exec(env, scope, writer);	
 		}
 	}
 	

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Text.java

@@ -17,41 +17,98 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.Writer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.IWritable;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 
 /**
  * Text 输出纯文本块以及使用 "#[[" 与 "]]#" 指定的非解析块 
  */
-public class Text extends Stat {
+public class Text extends Stat implements IWritable {
 	
-	private char[] text;
+	// content、bytes、chars 三者必有一者不为 null
+	// 在 OutputStream、Writer 混合模式下 bytes、chars 同时不为null
+	private StringBuilder content;
+	private Charset charset;
+	private byte[] bytes;
+	private char[] chars;
 	
-	public Text(StringBuilder content) {
+	// content 初始值在 Lexer 中已确保不为 null
-		this.text = new char[content.length()];
+	public Text(StringBuilder content, String encoding) {
-		content.getChars(0, content.length(), this.text, 0);
+		this.content = content;
+		this.charset = Charset.forName(encoding);
+		this.bytes = null;
+		this.chars = null;
 	}
 	
 	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		try {
-			writer.write(text, 0, text.length);
+			writer.write(this);
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 	}
 	
-	public boolean isEmpty() {
+	public byte[] getBytes() {
-		return text.length == 0;
+		if (bytes != null) {
+			return bytes;
 		}
 		
-	public String getContent() {
+		if (content != null) {
-		return text != null ? new String(text) : null;
+			bytes = content.toString().getBytes(charset);
+			content = null;
+			return bytes;
 		}
 		
+		bytes = new String(chars).getBytes(charset);
+		return bytes;
+	}
+	
+	public char[] getChars() {
+		if (chars != null) {
+			return chars;
+		}
+		
+		if (content != null) {
+			char[] charsTemp = new char[content.length()];
+			content.getChars(0, content.length(), charsTemp, 0);
+			chars = charsTemp;
+			content = null;
+			return chars;
+		}
+		
+		String strTemp = new String(bytes, charset);
+		char[] charsTemp = new char[strTemp.length()];
+		strTemp.getChars(0, strTemp.length(), charsTemp, 0);
+		chars = charsTemp;
+		return chars;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isEmpty() {
+		if (content != null) {
+			return content.length() == 0;
+		} else if (bytes != null) {
+			return bytes.length == 0;
+		} else {
+			return chars.length == 0;
+		}
+	}
+	
+//	public String getContent() {
+//		return text != null ? new String(text) : null;
+//	}
+	
 	public String toString() {
-		return text != null ? new String(text) : "";
+		if (bytes != null) {
+			return new String(bytes, charset);
+		} else if (chars != null) {
+			return new String(chars);
+		} else {
+			return content.toString();
+		}
 	}
 }