Enjoy 3.2 release ^_^

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Directive.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+
+/**
+ * Directive 供用户继承并扩展自定义指令，具体用法可以参考
+ * com.jfinal.template.ext.directive 包下面的例子
+ */
+public abstract class Directive extends Stat {
+	
+	/**
+	 * 传递给指令的表达式列表
+	 * 1：表达式列表可通过 exprList.eval(scope) 以及 exprList.evalExprList(scope) 进行求值
+	 * 2:使用赋值表达式可实现参数传递功能
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 例如：#render("_hot.html", title="热门新闻", list=newsList)
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+	protected ExprList exprList;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 具有 #end 结束符的指令内部嵌套的所有内容，调用 stat.exec(env, scope, writer)
+	 * 即可执行指令内部嵌入所有指令与表达式，如果指令没有 #end 结束符，该属性无效 
+	 */
+	protected Stat stat;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 指令被解析时注入指令参数表达式列表，继承类可以通过覆盖此方法对参数长度和参数类型进行校验
+	 */
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 指令被解析时注入指令 body 内容，仅对于具有 #end 结束符的指令有效
+	 */
+	public void setStat(Stat stat) {
+		this.stat = stat;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Engine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.MethodKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISourceFactory;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.StringSource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+
+/**
+ * Engine
+ * 
+ * Example：
+ * Engine.use().getTemplate(fileName).render(...);
+ * Engine.use().getTemplate(fileName).renderToString(...);
+ */
+public class Engine {
+	
+	public static final String MAIN_ENGINE_NAME = "main";
+	
+	private static Engine MAIN_ENGINE;
+	private static Map<String, Engine> engineMap = new HashMap<String, Engine>();
+	
+	// Create main engine
+	static {
+		MAIN_ENGINE = new Engine(MAIN_ENGINE_NAME);
+		engineMap.put(MAIN_ENGINE_NAME, MAIN_ENGINE);
+	}
+	
+	private String name;
+	private boolean devMode = false;
+	private EngineConfig config = new EngineConfig();
+	private ISourceFactory sourceFactory = config.getSourceFactory();
+	
+	private Map<String, Template> templateCache = new HashMap<String, Template>();
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create engine without management of JFinal 
+	 */
+	public Engine() {
+		this.name = "NO_NAME";
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create engine by engineName without management of JFinal 
+	 */
+	public Engine(String engineName) {
+		this.name = engineName;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Using the main Engine
+	 */
+	public static Engine use() {
+		return MAIN_ENGINE;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Using the engine with engine name
+	 */
+	public static Engine use(String engineName) {
+		return engineMap.get(engineName);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create engine with engine name managed by JFinal
+	 */
+	public synchronized static Engine create(String engineName) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(engineName)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Engine name can not be blank");
+		}
+		engineName = engineName.trim();
+		if (engineMap.containsKey(engineName)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Engine already exists : " + engineName);
+		}
+		Engine newEngine = new Engine(engineName);
+		engineMap.put(engineName, newEngine);
+		return newEngine;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove engine with engine name managed by JFinal
+	 */
+	public synchronized static Engine remove(String engineName) {
+		Engine removed = engineMap.remove(engineName);
+		if (removed != null && MAIN_ENGINE_NAME.equals(removed.name)) {
+			Engine.MAIN_ENGINE = null;
+		}
+		return removed;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Set main engine
+	 */
+	public synchronized static void setMainEngine(Engine engine) {
+		if (engine == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Engine can not be null");
+		}
+		engine.name = Engine.MAIN_ENGINE_NAME;
+		engineMap.put(Engine.MAIN_ENGINE_NAME, engine);
+		Engine.MAIN_ENGINE = engine;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get template with file name
+	 */
+	public Template getTemplate(String fileName) {
+		if (fileName.charAt(0) != '/') {
+			char[] arr = new char[fileName.length() + 1];
+			fileName.getChars(0, fileName.length(), arr, 1);
+			arr[0] = '/';
+			fileName = new String(arr);
+		}
+		
+		Template template = templateCache.get(fileName);
+		if (template == null) {
+			template = buildTemplateBySourceFactory(fileName);
+			templateCache.put(fileName, template);
+		} else if (devMode) {
+			if (template.isModified()) {
+				template = buildTemplateBySourceFactory(fileName);
+				templateCache.put(fileName, template);
+			}
+		}
+		return template;
+	}
+	
+	private Template buildTemplateBySourceFactory(String fileName) {
+		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), fileName, config.getEncoding());
+		ISource source = sourceFactory.getSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), fileName, config.getEncoding());
+		Env env = new Env(config);
+		Parser parser = new Parser(env, source.getContent(), fileName);
+		if (devMode) {
+			env.addSource(source);
+		}
+		Stat stat = parser.parse();
+		Template template = new Template(env, stat);
+		return template;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get template by string content and do not cache the template
+	 * 
+	 * 重要：StringSource 中的 key = HashKit.md5(content)，也即 key
+	 *     与 content 有紧密的对应关系，当 content 发生变化时 key 值也相应变化
+	 *     因此，原先 key 所对应的 Template 缓存对象已无法被获取，当 getTemplateByString(String)
+	 *     的 String 参数的数量不确定时会引发内存泄漏
+	 *     
+	 *     当 getTemplateByString(String, boolean) 中的 String 参数的
+	 *     数量可控并且确定时，才可对其使用缓存 
+	 */
+	public Template getTemplateByString(String content) {
+		return getTemplateByString(content, false);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get template by string content
+	 * @param content 模板内容
+	 * @param cache true 则缓存 Template，否则不缓存
+	 */
+	public Template getTemplateByString(String content, boolean cache) {
+		if (!cache) {
+			return buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
+		}
+		
+		String key = HashKit.md5(content);
+		Template template = templateCache.get(key);
+		if (template == null) {
+			template = buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
+			templateCache.put(key, template);
+		} else if (devMode) {
+			if (template.isModified()) {
+				template = buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
+				templateCache.put(key, template);
+			}
+		}
+		return template;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get template with implementation of ISource
+	 */
+	public Template getTemplate(ISource source) {
+		String key = source.getKey();
+		if (key == null) {	// key 为 null 则不缓存，详见 ISource.getKey() 注释
+			return buildTemplateBySource(source);
+		}
+		
+		Template template = templateCache.get(key);
+		if (template == null) {
+			template = buildTemplateBySource(source);
+			templateCache.put(key, template);
+		} else if (devMode) {
+			if (template.isModified()) {
+				template = buildTemplateBySource(source);
+				templateCache.put(key, template);
+			}
+		}
+		return template;
+	}
+	
+	private Template buildTemplateBySource(ISource source) {
+		Env env = new Env(config);
+		Parser parser = new Parser(env, source.getContent(), null);
+		if (devMode) {
+			env.addSource(source);
+		}
+		Stat stat = parser.parse();
+		Template template = new Template(env, stat);
+		return template;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function with file
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedFunction(String fileName) {
+		config.addSharedFunction(fileName);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function by ISource
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedFunction(ISource source) {
+		config.addSharedFunction(source);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function with files
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedFunction(String... fileNames) {
+		config.addSharedFunction(fileNames);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function by string content
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedFunctionByString(String content) {
+		config.addSharedFunctionByString(content);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared object
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedObject(String name, Object object) {
+		config.addSharedObject(name, object);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Set output directive factory
+	 */
+	public Engine setOutputDirectiveFactory(IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
+		config.setOutputDirectiveFactory(outputDirectiveFactory);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add directive
+	 */
+	public Engine addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+		config.addDirective(directiveName, directive);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove directive
+	 */
+	public Engine removeDirective(String directiveName) {
+		config.removeDirective(directiveName);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared method from object
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedMethod(Object sharedMethodFromObject) {
+		config.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromObject);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared method from class
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedMethodFromClass) {
+		config.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromClass);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared static method of Class
+	 */
+	public Engine addSharedStaticMethod(Class<?> sharedStaticMethodFromClass) {
+		config.addSharedStaticMethod(sharedStaticMethodFromClass);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method with method name
+	 */
+	public Engine removeSharedMethod(String methodName) {
+		config.removeSharedMethod(methodName);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method of the Class
+	 */
+	public Engine removeSharedMethod(Class<?> clazz) {
+		config.removeSharedMethod(clazz);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method
+	 */
+	public Engine removeSharedMethod(Method method) {
+		config.removeSharedMethod(method);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove template cache with template key
+	 */
+	public void removeTemplateCache(String templateKey) {
+		templateCache.remove(templateKey);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove all template cache
+	 */
+	public void removeAllTemplateCache() {
+		templateCache.clear();
+	}
+	
+	public int getTemplateCacheSize() {
+		return templateCache.size();
+	}
+	
+	public String getName() {
+		return name;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return "Template Engine: " + name;
+	}
+	
+	// Engine config below ---------
+	
+	public EngineConfig  getEngineConfig() {
+		return config;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 true 为开发模式，支持模板文件热加载
+	 * 设置 false 为生产模式，不支持模板文件热加载，以达到更高的性能
+	 */
+	public Engine setDevMode(boolean devMode) {
+		this.devMode = devMode;
+		this.config.setDevMode(devMode);
+		if (this.devMode) {
+			removeAllTemplateCache();
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getDevMode() {
+		return devMode;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 ISourceFactory 用于为 engine 切换不同的 ISource 实现类
+	 * ISource 用于从不同的来源加载模板内容
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 配置为 ClassPathSourceFactory 时特别注意：
+	 *    由于 JFinal 会在 configEngine(Engine me) 方法调用 “之前”，会默认调用一次如下方法：
+	 *       me.setBaseTemplatePath(PathKit.getWebRootPath())
+	 *    
+	 *    而 ClassPathSourceFactory 在以上默认值下不能工作，所以需要通过如下方式清掉该值：
+	 *       me.setBaseTemplatePath(null)
+	 *    
+	 *    或者配置具体要用的 baseTemplatePath 值，例如：
+	 *       me.setBaseTemplatePath("view");
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+	public Engine setSourceFactory(ISourceFactory sourceFactory) {
+		this.config.setSourceFactory(sourceFactory);	// 放第一行先进行参数验证
+		this.sourceFactory = sourceFactory;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public ISourceFactory getSourceFactory() {
+		return sourceFactory;
+	}
+	
+	public Engine setBaseTemplatePath(String baseTemplatePath) {
+		config.setBaseTemplatePath(baseTemplatePath);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public String getBaseTemplatePath() {
+		return config.getBaseTemplatePath();
+	}
+	
+	public Engine setDatePattern(String datePattern) {
+		config.setDatePattern(datePattern);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public String getDatePattern() {
+		return config.getDatePattern();
+	}
+	
+	public Engine setEncoding(String encoding) {
+		config.setEncoding(encoding);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public String getEncoding() {
+		return config.getEncoding();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Engine 独立设置为 devMode 可以方便模板文件在修改后立即生效，
+	 * 但如果在 devMode 之下并不希望对 addSharedFunction(...)，
+	 * 添加的模板进行是否被修改的检测可以通过此方法设置 false 参进去
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：Engine 在生产环境下(devMode 为 false)，该参数无效
+	 */
+	public Engine setReloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode(boolean reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode) {
+		config.setReloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode(reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
+		MethodKit.addExtensionMethod(targetClass, objectOfExtensionClass);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
+		MethodKit.addExtensionMethod(targetClass, extensionClass);
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
+		MethodKit.removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, objectOfExtensionClass);;
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
+		MethodKit.removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, extensionClass);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/EngineConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.SharedMethodKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.directive.*;
+// import com.jfinal.template.ext.sharedmethod.Json;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.FileSource;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.FileSourceFactory;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISourceFactory;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.StringSource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+
+/**
+ * EngineConfig
+ */
+public class EngineConfig {
+	
+	public static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
+	
+	private Map<String, Define> sharedFunctionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+	private List<ISource> sharedFunctionSourceList = new ArrayList<ISource>();		// for devMode only
+	
+	Map<String, Object> sharedObjectMap = null;
+	
+	private IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory = OutputDirectiveFactory.me;
+	private ISourceFactory sourceFactory = new FileSourceFactory();
+	private Map<String, Stat> directiveMap = new HashMap<String, Stat>();
+	private SharedMethodKit sharedMethodKit = new SharedMethodKit();
+	
+	private boolean devMode = false;
+	private boolean reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode = true;
+	private String baseTemplatePath = null;
+	private String encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING;
+	private String datePattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm";
+	
+	public EngineConfig() {
+		// Add official directive of Template Engine
+		addDirective("render", new RenderDirective());
+		addDirective("date", new DateDirective());
+		addDirective("escape", new EscapeDirective());
+		addDirective("string", new StringDirective());
+		addDirective("random", new RandomDirective());
+		
+		// Add official shared method of Template Engine
+		// addSharedMethod(new Json());
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function with file
+	 */
+	public void addSharedFunction(String fileName) {
+		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
+		ISource source = sourceFactory.getSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
+		doAddSharedFunction(source, fileName);
+	}
+	
+	private synchronized void doAddSharedFunction(ISource source, String fileName) {
+		Env env = new Env(this);
+		new Parser(env, source.getContent(), fileName).parse();
+		addToSharedFunctionMap(sharedFunctionMap, env);
+		if (devMode) {
+			sharedFunctionSourceList.add(source);
+			env.addSource(source);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function with files
+	 */
+	public void addSharedFunction(String... fileNames) {
+		for (String fileName : fileNames) {
+			addSharedFunction(fileName);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function by string content
+	 */
+	public void addSharedFunctionByString(String content) {
+		// content 中的内容被解析后会存放在 Env 之中，而 StringSource 所对应的
+		// Template 对象 isModified() 始终返回 false，所以没有必要对其缓存
+		StringSource stringSource = new StringSource(content, false);
+		doAddSharedFunction(stringSource, null);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared function by ISource
+	 */
+	public void addSharedFunction(ISource source) {
+		String fileName = source instanceof FileSource ? ((FileSource)source).getFileName() : null;
+		doAddSharedFunction(source, fileName);
+	}
+	
+	private void addToSharedFunctionMap(Map<String, Define> sharedFunctionMap, Env env) {
+		Map<String, Define> funcMap = env.getFunctionMap();
+		for (Entry<String, Define> e : funcMap.entrySet()) {
+			if (sharedFunctionMap.containsKey(e.getKey())) {
+				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Template function already exists : " + e.getKey());
+			}
+			Define func = e.getValue();
+			if (devMode) {
+				func.setEnvForDevMode(env);
+			}
+			sharedFunctionMap.put(e.getKey(), func);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get shared function by Env
+	 */
+	Define getSharedFunction(String functionName) {
+		Define func = sharedFunctionMap.get(functionName);
+		if (func == null) {
+			/**
+			 * 如果 func 最初未定义，但后续在共享模板文件中又被添加进来
+			 * 此时在本 if 分支中无法被感知，仍然返回了 null
+			 * 
+			 * 但共享模板文件会在后续其它的 func 调用时被感知修改并 reload
+			 * 所以本 if 分支不考虑处理模板文件中追加 #define 的情况
+			 * 
+			 * 如果要处理，只能是每次在 func 为 null 时，判断 sharedFunctionSourceList
+			 * 中的模板是否被修改过，再重新加载，不优雅
+			 */
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		if (devMode && reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode) {
+			if (func.isSourceModifiedForDevMode()) {
+				synchronized (this) {
+					func = sharedFunctionMap.get(functionName);
+					if (func.isSourceModifiedForDevMode()) {
+						reloadSharedFunctionSourceList();
+						func = sharedFunctionMap.get(functionName);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return func;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Reload shared function source list
+	 * 
+	 * devMode 要照顾到 sharedFunctionFiles，所以暂不提供
+	 * removeSharedFunction(String functionName) 功能
+	 * 开发者可直接使用模板注释功能将不需要的 function 直接注释掉
+	 */
+	private synchronized void reloadSharedFunctionSourceList() {
+		Map<String, Define> newMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+		for (int i = 0, size = sharedFunctionSourceList.size(); i < size; i++) {
+			ISource source = sharedFunctionSourceList.get(i);
+			String fileName = source instanceof FileSource ? ((FileSource)source).getFileName() : null;
+			
+			Env env = new Env(this);
+			new Parser(env, source.getContent(), fileName).parse();
+			addToSharedFunctionMap(newMap, env);
+			if (devMode) {
+				env.addSource(source);
+			}
+		}
+		this.sharedFunctionMap = newMap;
+	}
+	
+	public synchronized void addSharedObject(String name, Object object) {
+		if (sharedObjectMap == null) {
+			sharedObjectMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+		} else if (sharedObjectMap.containsKey(name)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Shared object already exists: " + name);
+		}
+		sharedObjectMap.put(name, object);
+	}
+	
+	Map<String, Object> getSharedObjectMap() {
+		return sharedObjectMap;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Set output directive factory
+	 */
+	public void setOutputDirectiveFactory(IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
+		if (outputDirectiveFactory == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("outputDirectiveFactory can not be null");
+		}
+		this.outputDirectiveFactory = outputDirectiveFactory;
+	}
+	
+	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		return outputDirectiveFactory.getOutputDirective(exprList, location);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Invoked by Engine only
+	 */
+	void setDevMode(boolean devMode) {
+		this.devMode = devMode;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isDevMode() {
+		return devMode;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Invoked by Engine only
+	 */
+	void setSourceFactory(ISourceFactory sourceFactory) {
+		if (sourceFactory == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceFactory can not be null");
+		}
+		this.sourceFactory = sourceFactory;
+	}
+	
+	public ISourceFactory getSourceFactory() {
+		return sourceFactory;
+	}
+	
+	public void setBaseTemplatePath(String baseTemplatePath) {
+		// 使用 ClassPathSourceFactory 时，允许 baseTemplatePath 为 null 值
+		if (baseTemplatePath == null) {
+			this.baseTemplatePath = null;
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(baseTemplatePath)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseTemplatePath can not be blank");
+		}
+		baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath.trim();
+		if (baseTemplatePath.length() > 1) {
+			if (baseTemplatePath.endsWith("/") || baseTemplatePath.endsWith("\\")) {
+				baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath.substring(0, baseTemplatePath.length() - 1);
+			}
+		}
+		this.baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath;
+	}
+	
+	public String getBaseTemplatePath() {
+		return baseTemplatePath;
+	}
+	
+	public void setEncoding(String encoding) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(encoding)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("encoding can not be blank");
+		}
+		this.encoding = encoding;
+	}
+	
+	public String getEncoding() {
+		return encoding;
+	}
+	
+	public void setDatePattern(String datePattern) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(datePattern)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("datePattern can not be blank");
+		}
+		this.datePattern = datePattern;
+	}
+	
+	public String getDatePattern() {
+		return datePattern;
+	}
+	
+	public void setReloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode(boolean reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode) {
+		this.reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode = reloadModifiedSharedFunctionInDevMode;
+	}
+	
+	public synchronized void addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(directiveName)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive name can not be blank");
+		}
+		if (directive == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive can not be null");
+		}
+		if (directiveMap.containsKey(directiveName)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("directive already exists : " + directiveName);
+		}
+		directiveMap.put(directiveName, directive);
+	}
+	
+	public Stat getDirective(String directiveName) {
+		return directiveMap.get(directiveName);
+	}
+	
+	public void removeDirective(String directiveName) {
+		directiveMap.remove(directiveName);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared method from object
+	 */
+	public void addSharedMethod(Object sharedMethodFromObject) {
+		sharedMethodKit.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromObject);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared method from class
+	 */
+	public void addSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedMethodFromClass) {
+		sharedMethodKit.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add shared static method of Class
+	 */
+	public void addSharedStaticMethod(Class<?> sharedStaticMethodFromClass) {
+		sharedMethodKit.addSharedStaticMethod(sharedStaticMethodFromClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method with method name
+	 */
+	public void removeSharedMethod(String methodName) {
+		sharedMethodKit.removeSharedMethod(methodName);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method of the Class
+	 */
+	public void removeSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedClass) {
+		sharedMethodKit.removeSharedMethod(sharedClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove shared Method
+	 */
+	public void removeSharedMethod(Method method) {
+		sharedMethodKit.removeSharedMethod(method);
+	}
+	
+	public SharedMethodKit getSharedMethodKit() {
+		return sharedMethodKit;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Env.java

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
+
+/**
+ * Env
+ * 
+ * 1：解析时存放 #define 定义的模板函数
+ * 2：运行时提供 #define 定义的模板函数
+ * 3：每个 Template 对象持有一个 Env 对象
+ */
+public class Env {
+	
+	protected EngineConfig engineConfig;
+	protected Map<String, Define> functionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+	
+	// 代替 Template 持有该属性，便于在 #include 指令中调用 Env.addSource()
+	protected List<ISource> sourceList = null;
+	
+	public Env(EngineConfig engineConfig) {
+		this.engineConfig = engineConfig;
+	}
+	
+	public EngineConfig getEngineConfig() {
+		return engineConfig;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add template function
+	 */
+	public void addFunction(Define function) {
+		String fn = function.getFunctionName();
+		if (functionMap.containsKey(fn)) {
+			Define previous = functionMap.get(fn);
+			throw new ParseException(
+				"Template function \"" + fn + "\" already defined in " + 
+				getAlreadyDefinedLocation(previous.getLocation()),
+				function.getLocation()
+			);
+		}
+		functionMap.put(fn, function);
+	}
+	
+	private String getAlreadyDefinedLocation(Location loc) {
+		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+		if (loc.getTemplateFile() != null) {
+			buf.append(loc.getTemplateFile()).append(", line ").append(loc.getRow());
+		} else {
+			buf.append("string template line ").append(loc.getRow());
+		}
+		return buf.toString();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get function of current template first, getting shared function if null before
+	 */
+	public Define getFunction(String functionName) {
+		Define func = functionMap.get(functionName);
+		return func != null ? func : engineConfig.getSharedFunction(functionName);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * For EngineConfig.addSharedFunction(...) only
+	 */
+	Map<String, Define> getFunctionMap() {
+		return functionMap;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 本方法用于在 devMode 之下，判断当前 Template 以及其下 #include 指令
+	 * 所涉及的所有 ISource 对象是否被修改，以便于在 devMode 下重新加载
+	 * 
+	 * sourceList 属性用于存放主模板以及 #include 进来的模板所对应的
+	 * ISource 对象
+	 */
+	public boolean isSourceListModified() {
+		if (sourceList != null) {
+			for (int i = 0, size = sourceList.size(); i < size; i++) {
+				if (sourceList.get(i).isModified()) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加本 Template 的 ISource，以及该 Template 使用 include 包含进来的所有 ISource
+	 * 以便于在 devMode 之下判断该 Template 是否被 modified，进而 reload 该 Template
+	 */
+	public void addSource(ISource source) {
+		if (sourceList == null) {
+			sourceList = new ArrayList<ISource>();
+		}
+		sourceList.add(source);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/FastStringWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+/**
+ * FastStringWriter
+ * 
+ * 由 JDK 中 StringWriter 改造而成，将 StringBuffer 属性替换为
+ * StringBuilder，避免 StringBuffer 的 synchronized 操作
+ */
+public class FastStringWriter extends Writer {
+	
+	private StringBuilder buf;
+	
+    public FastStringWriter() {
+        buf = new StringBuilder();
+    }
+    
+    public FastStringWriter(int initialSize) {
+        if (initialSize < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative buffer size");
+        }
+        buf = new StringBuilder(initialSize);
+    }
+    
+    public void write(int c) {
+        buf.append((char) c);
+    }
+    
+    public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) {
+        if ((off < 0) || (off > cbuf.length) || (len < 0) ||
+            ((off + len) > cbuf.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        } else if (len == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        buf.append(cbuf, off, len);
+    }
+    
+    public void write(String str) {
+        buf.append(str);
+    }
+    
+    public void write(String str, int off, int len)  {
+        buf.append(str.substring(off, off + len));
+    }
+    
+    public FastStringWriter append(CharSequence csq) {
+        if (csq == null) {
+            write("null");
+        } else {
+            write(csq.toString());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public FastStringWriter append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) {
+        CharSequence cs = (csq == null ? "null" : csq);
+        write(cs.subSequence(start, end).toString());
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public FastStringWriter append(char c) {
+        write(c);
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public String toString() {
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public StringBuilder getBuffer() {
+        return buf;
+    }
+    
+    public void flush() {
+    	
+    }
+    
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+    	
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/IOutputDirectiveFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
+
+/**
+ * IOutputDirectiveFactory
+ * 用于定制自定义输出指令，替换系统默认输出指令，满足个性化需求
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * 1：定义 MyOutput
+ * public class MyOutput extends Output {
+ *   public MyOutput(ExprList exprList) {
+ *     super(exprList);
+ *   }
+ *   
+ *   public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+ *     write(writer, exprList.eval(scope));
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * 
+ * 2：定义 MyOutputDirectiveFactory
+ * public class MyOutputDirectiveFactory implements IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+ *   public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList) {
+ *     return new MyOutput(exprList);
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * 
+ * 3：配置
+ * engine.setOutputDirectiveFactory(new MyOutputDirectiveFactory())
+ */
+public interface IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+	
+	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location);
+	
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/OutputDirectiveFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
+
+/**
+ * OutputDirectiveFactory
+ */
+public class OutputDirectiveFactory implements IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+	
+	public static final OutputDirectiveFactory me = new OutputDirectiveFactory();
+	
+	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		return new Output(exprList, location);
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Template.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+
+/**
+ * Template
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * Template template = Engine.use().getTemplate(...);
+ * template.render(data, writer);
+ * template.renderToString(data);
+ */
+public class Template {
+	
+	private Env env;
+	private Stat ast;
+	
+	public Template(Env env, Stat ast) {
+		if (env == null || ast == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("env and ast can not be null");
+		}
+		this.env = env;
+		this.ast = ast;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 渲染到 Writer 中去
+	 */
+	public void render(Map<?, ?> data, Writer writer) {
+		ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), writer);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 支持无 data 参数，渲染到 Writer 中去 <br>
+	 * 适用于数据在模板中通过表达式和语句直接计算得出等等应用场景<br>
+	 * 此外，其它所有 render 方法也支持传入 null 值 data 参数
+	 */
+	public void render(Writer writer) {
+		ast.exec(env, new Scope(null, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), writer);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 渲染到 FastStringWriter 中去
+	 */
+	public void render(Map<?, ?> data, FastStringWriter fastStringWriter) {
+		ast.exec(env, new Scope(data, env.engineConfig.sharedObjectMap), fastStringWriter);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 渲染到 StringBuilder 中去
+	 */
+	public StringBuilder renderToStringBuilder(Map<?, ?> data) {
+		FastStringWriter fsw = new FastStringWriter();
+		render(data, fsw);
+		return fsw.getBuffer();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 渲染到 String 中去
+	 */
+	public String renderToString(Map<?, ?> data) {
+		return renderToStringBuilder(data).toString();
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isModified() {
+		return env.isSourceListModified();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/TemplateException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+
+/**
+ * Template runtime exception
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class TemplateException extends RuntimeException {
+	
+	public TemplateException(String msg, Location loc) {
+		super(loc != null ? msg + loc : msg);
+	}
+	
+	public TemplateException(String msg, Location loc, Throwable t) {
+		super(loc != null ? msg + loc : msg, t);
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ExprLexer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import com.jfinal.kit.JavaKeyword;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.CharTable;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParaToken;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+
+/**
+ * ExprLexer
+ */
+class ExprLexer {
+	
+	static final char EOF = (char)-1;
+	static final JavaKeyword javaKeyword = new JavaKeyword();
+	static final Pattern DOUBLE_QUOTES_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\\\\"");
+	static final Pattern SINGLE_QUOTES_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\\\'");
+	
+	char[] buf;
+	int state = 0;
+	int lexemeBegin = 0;
+	int forward = 0;
+	int beginRow = 1;
+	int forwardRow = 1;
+	List<Tok> tokens = new ArrayList<Tok>();
+	Location location;
+	
+	public ExprLexer(ParaToken paraToken, Location location) {
+		this.location = location;
+		StringBuilder content = paraToken.getContent();
+		beginRow = paraToken.getRow();
+		forwardRow = beginRow;
+		if (content == null) {
+			buf = new char[]{EOF};
+			return ;
+		}
+		int len = content.length();
+		buf = new char[len + 1];
+		content.getChars(0, content.length(), buf, 0);
+		buf[len] = EOF;
+	}
+	
+	public List<Tok> scan() {
+		while (peek() != EOF) {
+			skipBlanks();
+			lexemeBegin = forward;
+			beginRow = forwardRow;
+			if (scanId()) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (scanOperator()) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (scanString()) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (scanNumber()) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			if (peek() != EOF) {
+				throw new ParseException("Expression not support the char: '" + peek() + "'", location);
+			}
+		}
+		return tokens;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 扫描 ID true false null
+	 */
+	boolean scanId() {
+		if (state != 0) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		if (!CharTable.isLetter(peek())) {
+			return fail();
+		}
+		
+		while (CharTable.isLetterOrDigit(next())) {
+			;
+		}
+		String id = subBuf(lexemeBegin, forward - 1).toString();
+		if ("true".equals(id)) {
+			addToken(new Tok(Sym.TRUE, id, beginRow));
+		} else if ("false".equals(id)) {
+			addToken(new Tok(Sym.FALSE, id, beginRow));
+		} else if ("null".equals(id)) {
+			addToken(new Tok(Sym.NULL, id, beginRow));
+		} else if (CharTable.isBlankOrLineFeed(peek()) && javaKeyword.contains(id)) {
+			throw new ParseException("Identifier can not be java keyword : " + id, location);
+		} else {
+			addToken(new Tok(Sym.ID, id, beginRow));
+		}
+		return prepareNextScan();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * + - * / % ++ --
+	 * = == != < <= > >=
+	 * ! && ||
+	 * ? ?: ?!
+	 * . .. : :: , ;
+	 * ( ) [ ] { }
+	 */
+	boolean scanOperator() {
+		if (state != 100) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		Tok tok;
+		switch (peek()) {
+		case '+':		// + - * / % ++ --
+			if (next() == '+') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.INC, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.ADD, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '-':
+			if (next() == '-') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.DEC, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.SUB, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '*':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.MUL, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '/':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.DIV, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '%':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.MOD, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '=':		// = == != < <= > >=
+			if (next() == '=') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.EQUAL, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.ASSIGN, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '!':
+			if (next() == '=') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.NOTEQUAL, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.NOT, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '<':
+			if (next() == '=') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.LE, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.LT, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '>':
+			if (next() == '=') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.GE, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.GT, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '&':		// ! && ||
+			if (next() == '&') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.AND, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				throw new ParseException("Unsupported operator: '&'", location);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '|':
+			if (next() == '|') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.OR, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				throw new ParseException("Unsupported operator: '|'", location);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '?':		// ? ??
+			if (next() == '?') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.NULL_SAFE, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.QUESTION, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '.':		// . .. : :: , ;
+			if (next() == '.') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.RANGE, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.DOT, ".", beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case ':':
+			if (next() == ':') {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.STATIC, beginRow);
+				next();
+			} else {
+				tok = new Tok(Sym.COLON, beginRow);
+			}
+			return ok(tok);
+		case ',':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.COMMA, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case ';':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.SEMICOLON, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '(':		// ( ) [ ] { }
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.LPAREN, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case ')':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.RPAREN, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '[':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.LBRACK, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case ']':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.RBRACK, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '{':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.LBRACE, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		case '}':
+			tok = new Tok(Sym.RBRACE, beginRow);
+			next();
+			return ok(tok);
+		default :
+			return fail();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	boolean ok(Tok tok) {
+		tokens.add(tok);
+		return prepareNextScan();
+	}
+	
+	boolean scanString() {
+		if (state != 200) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		char quotes = peek();
+		if (quotes != '"' && quotes != '\'') {
+			return fail();
+		}
+		
+		for (char c=next(); true; c=next()) {
+			if (c == quotes) {
+				if (buf[forward - 1] != '\\') {	// 前一个字符不是转义字符
+					StringBuilder sb = subBuf(lexemeBegin + 1, forward -1);
+					String str;
+					if (sb != null) {
+						if (quotes == '"') {
+							str = DOUBLE_QUOTES_PATTERN.matcher(sb).replaceAll("\"");
+						} else {
+							str = SINGLE_QUOTES_PATTERN.matcher(sb).replaceAll("'");
+						}
+					} else {
+						str = "";
+					}
+					
+					Tok tok = new Tok(Sym.STR, str, beginRow);
+					addToken(tok);
+					next();
+					return prepareNextScan();
+				} else {
+					continue ;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			if (c == EOF) {
+				throw new ParseException("Expression error, the string not ending", location);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	boolean scanNumber() {
+		if (state != 300) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		char c = peek();
+		if (!CharTable.isDigit(c)) {
+			return fail();
+		}
+		
+		int numStart = lexemeBegin;				// forward;
+		int radix = 10;							// 10 进制
+		if (c == '0') {
+			c = next();
+			if (c == 'X' || c == 'x') {
+				radix = 16;						// 16 进制
+				c = next();
+				numStart = numStart + 2;
+			} else {
+				radix = 8;						// 8 进制
+				// numStart = numStart + 1;		// 8 进制不用去掉前缀 0，可被正确转换，去除此行便于正确处理数字 0
+			}
+		}
+		
+		c = skipDigit(radix);
+		Sym sym = null;
+		if (c == '.') {							// 以 '.' 字符结尾是合法的浮点数
+			next();
+			if (peek() == '.' ||				// 处理 [0..9] 这样的表达式
+				CharTable.isLetter(peek())) {	// 处理 123.toInt() 这样的表达式，1.2.toInt() 及 1D.toInt() 可正常处理
+				StringBuilder n = subBuf(numStart, forward - 2);
+				if (n == null /* && radix == 16 */) {
+					// 16 进制数格式错误，前缀 0x 后缺少 16 进制数字(16 进制时 numStart 已增加了 2， n 为 null 必是 16 进制解析出错)
+					throw new ParseException("Error hex format", location);
+				}
+				NumTok tok = new NumTok(Sym.INT, n.toString(), radix, false, location);
+				addToken(tok);
+				retract(1);
+				return prepareNextScan();
+			}
+			
+			sym = Sym.DOUBLE;					// 浮点型默认为 double
+			c = skipDigit(radix);
+		}
+		
+		boolean isScientificNotation = false;
+		if (c == 'E' || c == 'e') {				// scientific notation 科学计数法
+			c = next();
+			if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
+				c = next();
+			}
+			if (!CharTable.isDigit(c)) {
+				// 科学计数法后面缺少数字
+				throw new ParseException("Error scientific notation format", location);
+			}
+			isScientificNotation = true;
+			sym = Sym.DOUBLE;					// 科学计数法默认类型为 double
+			
+			c = skipDecimalDigit();				// 科学计数法的指数部分是十进制
+		}
+		
+		StringBuilder num;
+		if (c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
+			if (sym == Sym.DOUBLE) {
+				// 浮点类型不能使用 'L' 或 'l' 后缀
+				throw new ParseException("Error float format", location);
+			}
+			sym = Sym.LONG;
+			next();
+			num = subBuf(numStart, forward - 2);
+		} else if (c == 'F' || c == 'f') {
+			sym = Sym.FLOAT;
+			next();
+			num = subBuf(numStart, forward - 2);
+		} else if (c == 'D' || c == 'd') {
+			sym = Sym.DOUBLE;
+			next();
+			num = subBuf(numStart, forward - 2);
+		} else {
+			if (sym == null) {
+				sym = Sym.INT;
+			}
+			num = subBuf(numStart, forward - 1);
+		}
+		if (errorFollow()) {
+			// "错误的表达式元素 : " + num + peek()
+			throw new ParseException("Error expression: " + num + peek(), location);
+		}
+		if (num == null /* && radix == 16 */) {
+			// 16 进制数格式错误，前缀 0x 后缺少 16 进制数字
+			throw new ParseException("Error hex format", location);
+		}
+		
+		NumTok tok = new NumTok(sym, num.toString(), radix, isScientificNotation, location);
+		addToken(tok);
+		return prepareNextScan();
+	}
+	
+	boolean errorFollow() {
+		char c = peek();
+		return CharTable.isLetterOrDigit(c) || c == '"' || c == '\'';
+	}
+	
+	char skipDigit(int radix) {
+		if (radix == 10) {
+			return skipDecimalDigit();
+		} else if (radix == 16) {
+			return skipHexadecimalDigit();
+		} else {
+			return skipOctalDigit();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	char skipDecimalDigit() {
+		char c = peek();
+		for (; CharTable.isDigit(c);) {
+			c = next();
+		}
+		return c;
+	}
+	
+	char skipHexadecimalDigit() {
+		char c = peek();
+		for (; CharTable.isHexadecimalDigit(c);) {
+			c = next();
+		}
+		return c;
+	}
+	
+	char skipOctalDigit() {
+		char c = peek();
+		for (; CharTable.isOctalDigit(c);) {
+			c = next();
+		}
+		return c;
+	}
+	
+	boolean fail() {
+		forward = lexemeBegin;
+		forwardRow = beginRow;
+		
+		if (state < 100) {
+			state = 100;
+		} else if (state < 200) {
+			state = 200;
+		} else if (state < 300) {
+			state = 300;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	char next() {
+		if (buf[forward] == '\n') {
+			forwardRow++;
+		}
+		return buf[++forward];
+	}
+	
+	char peek() {
+		return buf[forward];
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 表达式词法分析需要跳过换行与回车
+	 */
+	void skipBlanks() {
+		while(CharTable.isBlankOrLineFeed(buf[forward])) {
+			next();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	StringBuilder subBuf(int start, int end) {
+		if (start > end) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(end - start + 1);
+		for (int i=start; i<=end; i++) {
+			ret.append(buf[i]);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	boolean prepareNextScan() {
+		state = 0;
+		lexemeBegin = forward;
+		beginRow = forwardRow;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	void addToken(Tok tok) {
+		tokens.add(tok);
+	}
+	
+	void retract(int n) {
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+			forward--;
+			if (buf[forward] == '\n') {
+				forwardRow--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ExprParser.java

@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Arith;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Array;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Compare;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Field;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Id;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.IncDec;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Index;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Method;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.NullSafe;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.RangeArray;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.SharedMethod;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.StaticField;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.StaticMethod;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Ternary;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Unary;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParaToken;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+
+/**
+ * ExprParser
+ */
+public class ExprParser {
+	
+	static final Tok EOF = new Tok(Sym.EOF, -1);
+	
+	Tok peek = null;
+	int forward = 0;
+	List<Tok> tokenList;
+	Location location;
+	
+	ParaToken paraToken;
+	EngineConfig engineConfig;
+	
+	public ExprParser(ParaToken paraToken, EngineConfig engineConfig, String fileName) {
+		this.paraToken = paraToken;
+		this.engineConfig = engineConfig;
+		this.location = new Location(fileName, paraToken.getRow());
+	}
+	
+	void initPeek() {
+		peek = tokenList.get(forward);
+	}
+	
+	Tok peek() {
+		return peek;
+	}
+	
+	Tok move() {
+		peek = tokenList.get(++forward);
+		return peek;
+	}
+	void resetForward(int position) {
+		forward = position;
+		peek = tokenList.get(forward);
+	}
+	
+	Tok match(Sym sym) {
+		Tok current = peek();
+		if (current.sym == sym) {
+			move();
+			return current;
+		}
+		throw new ParseException("Expression error: can not match the symbol \"" + sym.value() + "\"", location);
+	}
+	
+	public ExprList parseExprList() {
+		return (ExprList)parse(true);
+	}
+	
+	public ForCtrl parseForCtrl() {
+		Expr forCtrl = parse(false);
+		if (forCtrl instanceof ForCtrl) {
+			return (ForCtrl)forCtrl;
+		} else {
+			throw new ParseException("The expression of #for directive is error", location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	Expr parse(boolean isExprList) {
+		tokenList = new ExprLexer(paraToken, location).scan();
+		if (tokenList.size() == 0) {
+			return ExprList.NULL_EXPR_LIST;
+		}
+		tokenList.add(EOF);
+		initPeek();
+		Expr expr = isExprList ? exprList() : forCtrl();
+		if (peek() != EOF) {
+			throw new ParseException("Expression error: can not match \"" + peek().value() + "\"", location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * exprList : expr (',' expr)*
+	 */
+	Expr exprList() {
+		List<Expr> exprList = new ArrayList<Expr>();
+		while (true) {
+			Expr stat = expr();
+			if (stat != null) {
+				exprList.add(stat);
+				if (peek().sym == Sym.COMMA) {
+					move();
+					if (peek() == EOF) {
+						throw new ParseException("Expression error: can not match the char of comma ','", location);
+					}
+					continue ;
+				}
+			}
+			break ;
+		}
+		return new ExprList(exprList);
+	}
+	
+	Expr expr() {
+		return assign();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * assign : <assoc=right> ID ( '[' expr ']' )? '=' expr
+	 */
+	Expr assign() {
+		Tok idTok = peek();
+		if (idTok.sym != Sym.ID) {
+			return ternary();
+		}
+		
+		int begin = forward;
+		// ID = expr
+		if (move().sym == Sym.ASSIGN) {
+			move();
+			return new Assign(idTok.value(), expr(), location);
+		}
+		
+		// array、map 赋值：ID [ expr ] = expr
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.LBRACK) {
+			move();
+			Expr index = expr();
+			match(Sym.RBRACK);
+			if (peek().sym == Sym.ASSIGN) {
+				move();
+				return new Assign(idTok.value(), index, expr(), location);	// 右结合无限连
+			}
+		}
+		
+		resetForward(begin);
+		return ternary();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * ternary : expr '?' expr ':' expr
+	 */
+	Expr ternary() {
+		Expr cond = or();
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.QUESTION) {
+			move();
+			Expr exprOne = expr();
+			match(Sym.COLON);
+			return new Ternary(cond, exprOne, expr(), location);
+		}
+		return cond;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * or : expr '||' expr
+	 */
+	Expr or() {
+		Expr expr = and();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.OR; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new Logic(Sym.OR, expr, and(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * and : expr '&&' expr
+	 */
+	Expr and() {
+		Expr expr = equalNotEqual();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.AND; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new Logic(Sym.AND, expr, equalNotEqual(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * equalNotEqual : expr ('==' | '!=') expr
+	 */
+	Expr equalNotEqual() {
+		Expr expr = greaterLess();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.EQUAL || tok.sym==Sym.NOTEQUAL; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new Compare(tok.sym, expr, greaterLess(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * compare expr ('<=' | '>=' | '>' | '<') expr
+	 * 不支持无限连： > >= < <=
+	 */
+	Expr greaterLess() {
+		Expr expr = addSub();
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		if (tok.sym == Sym.LT || tok.sym == Sym.LE || tok.sym == Sym.GT || tok.sym == Sym.GE) {
+			move();
+			return new Compare(tok.sym, expr, addSub(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * addSub : expr ('+'|'-') expr
+	 */
+	Expr addSub() {
+		Expr expr = mulDivMod();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.ADD || tok.sym==Sym.SUB; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new Arith(tok.sym, expr, mulDivMod(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * mulDivMod : expr ('*'|'/'|'%') expr
+	 */
+	Expr mulDivMod() {
+		Expr expr = nullSafe();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.MUL || tok.sym==Sym.DIV || tok.sym==Sym.MOD; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new Arith(tok.sym, expr, nullSafe(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * nullSafe : expr '??' expr
+	 */
+	Expr nullSafe() {
+		Expr expr = unary();
+		for (Tok tok=peek(); tok.sym==Sym.NULL_SAFE; tok=peek()) {
+			move();
+			expr = new NullSafe(expr, unary(), location);
+		}
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * unary : ('!' | '+' | '-'| '++' | '--') expr
+	 */
+	Expr unary() {
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		switch (tok.sym) {
+		case NOT:
+			move();
+			return new Logic(tok.sym, unary(), location);
+		case ADD:
+		case SUB:
+			move();
+			return new Unary(tok.sym, unary(), location);
+		case INC:
+		case DEC:
+			move();
+			return new IncDec(tok.sym, false, incDec(), location);
+		default:
+			return incDec();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * incDec : expr ('++' | '--')
+	 */
+	Expr incDec() {
+		Expr expr = staticMember();
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		if (tok.sym == Sym.INC || tok.sym == Sym.DEC) {
+			move();
+			return new IncDec(tok.sym, true, expr, location);
+		}
+		
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * staticMember
+	 * : ID_list '::' ID
+	 * | ID_list '::' ID '(' exprList? ')'
+	 */
+	Expr staticMember() {
+		if (peek().sym != Sym.ID) {
+			return sharedMethod();
+		}
+		
+		int begin = forward;
+		while (move().sym == Sym.DOT && move().sym == Sym.ID) {
+			;
+		}
+		// ID.ID.ID::
+		if (peek().sym != Sym.STATIC || tokenList.get(forward - 1).sym != Sym.ID) {
+			resetForward(begin);
+			return sharedMethod();
+		}
+		
+		String clazz = getClazz(begin);
+		match(Sym.STATIC);
+		String memberName = match(Sym.ID).value();
+		
+		// com.jfinal.kit.Str::isBlank(str)
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.LPAREN) {
+			move();
+			if (peek().sym == Sym.RPAREN) {
+				move();
+				return new StaticMethod(clazz, memberName, location);
+			}
+			
+			ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+			match(Sym.RPAREN);
+			return new StaticMethod(clazz, memberName, exprList, location);
+		}
+		
+		// com.jfinal.core.Const::JFINAL_VERSION
+		return new StaticField(clazz, memberName, location);
+	}
+	
+	String getClazz(int begin) {
+		StringBuilder clazz = new StringBuilder();
+		for (int i=begin; i<forward; i++) {
+			clazz.append(tokenList.get(i).value());
+		}
+		return clazz.toString();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * sharedMethod : ID '(' exprList? ')'
+	 */
+	Expr sharedMethod() {
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		if (tok.sym != Sym.ID) {
+			return indexMethodField(null);
+		}
+		if (move().sym != Sym.LPAREN) {
+			resetForward(forward - 1);
+			return indexMethodField(null);
+		}
+		
+		move();
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.RPAREN) {
+			SharedMethod sharedMethod = new SharedMethod(engineConfig.getSharedMethodKit(), tok.value(), ExprList.NULL_EXPR_LIST, location);
+			move();
+			return indexMethodField(sharedMethod);
+		}
+		
+		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		SharedMethod sharedMethod = new SharedMethod(engineConfig.getSharedMethodKit(), tok.value(), exprList, location);
+		match(Sym.RPAREN);
+		return indexMethodField(sharedMethod);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * index : expr '[' expr ']'
+	 * method : expr '.' ID '(' exprList? ')'
+	 * field :  expr '.' ID
+	 */
+	Expr indexMethodField(Expr expr) {
+		if (expr == null) {
+			expr = map();
+		}
+		
+		// Expr expr = map();
+		while (true) {
+			Tok tok = peek();
+			// expr [ expr ]
+			if (tok.sym == Sym.LBRACK) {
+				move();
+				Expr index = expr();
+				match(Sym.RBRACK);
+				expr = new Index(expr, index, location);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (tok.sym != Sym.DOT) {
+				return expr;
+			}
+			if ((tok = move()).sym != Sym.ID) {
+				resetForward(forward - 1);
+				return expr;
+			}
+			
+			move();
+			if (peek().sym != Sym.LPAREN) {
+				expr = new Field(expr, tok.value(), location);
+				continue;
+			}
+			
+			move();
+			// expr '.' ID '(' ')'
+			if (peek().sym == Sym.RPAREN) {
+				move();
+				expr = new Method(expr, tok.value(), location);
+				continue;
+			}
+			
+			// expr '.' ID '(' exprList ')'
+			ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+			match(Sym.RPAREN);
+			expr = new Method(expr, tok.value(), exprList, location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * map : '{' (mapEntry ( , mapEntry ) * ) ? '}'
+	 * mapEntry : (ID | STR) ':' expr
+	 */
+	Expr map() {
+		if (peek().sym != Sym.LBRACE) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		
+		LinkedHashMap<Object, Expr> mapEntry = new LinkedHashMap<Object, Expr>();
+		Map map = new Map(mapEntry);
+		move();
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.RBRACE) {
+			move();
+			return map;
+		}
+		
+		buildMapEntry(mapEntry);
+		while (peek().sym == Sym.COMMA) {
+			move();
+			buildMapEntry(mapEntry);
+		}
+		match(Sym.RBRACE);
+		return map;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * mapEntry : (ID | STR) ':' expr
+	 */
+	void buildMapEntry(LinkedHashMap<Object, Expr> map) {
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		if (tok.sym == Sym.ID || tok.sym == Sym.STR) {
+			move();
+			match(Sym.COLON);
+			Expr value = expr();
+			if (value == null) {
+				throw new ParseException("Expression error: the value on the right side of map entry can not be blank", location);
+			}
+			map.put(tok.value(), value);
+			return ;
+		}
+		throw new ParseException("Expression error: the value of map key must be identifier or String", location);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * array : '[' exprList ? | range ? ']'
+	 * exprList : expr (',' expr)*
+	 * range : expr .. expr
+	 */
+	Expr array() {
+		if (peek().sym != Sym.LBRACK) {
+			return atom();
+		}
+		
+		move();
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.RBRACK) {
+			move();
+			return new Array(ExprList.NULL_EXPR_ARRAY, location);
+		}
+		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		if (exprList.length() == 1 && peek().sym == Sym.RANGE) {
+			move();
+			Expr end = expr();
+			match(Sym.RBRACK);
+			return new RangeArray(exprList.getExprArray()[0], end, location);
+		}
+		
+		match(Sym.RBRACK);
+		return new Array(exprList.getExprArray(), location);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * atom : '(' expr ')' | ID | STR | 'true' | 'false' | 'null'
+	 * 		| INT | LONG | FLOAT | DOUBLE
+	 */
+	Expr atom() {
+		Tok tok = peek();
+		switch (tok.sym) {
+		case LPAREN:
+			move();
+			Expr expr = expr();
+			match(Sym.RPAREN);
+			return expr;
+		case ID:
+			move();
+			return new Id(tok.value());
+		case STR:
+		case INT:
+		case LONG:
+		case FLOAT:
+		case DOUBLE:
+			move();
+			return new Const(tok.sym, tok.value());
+		case TRUE:
+			move();
+			return Const.TRUE;
+		case FALSE:
+			move();
+			return Const.FALSE;
+		case NULL:
+			move();
+			return Const.NULL;
+		case COMMA:
+		case SEMICOLON:
+		case QUESTION:	// support "c ?? ? a : b"
+		case AND: case OR: case EQUAL: case NOTEQUAL:	// support "a.b ?? && expr"
+		case RPAREN:	// support "(a.b ??)"
+		case RBRACK:	// support "[start .. end ??]"
+		case RBRACE:	// support "{key : value ??}"
+		case RANGE:		// support "[start ?? .. end]"
+		case COLON:		// support "c ? a ?? : b"
+		case EOF:
+			return null;
+		default :
+			throw new ParseException("Expression error: can not match the symbol \"" + tok.value() + "\"", location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * forControl : ID : expr | exprList? ';' expr? ';' exprList?
+	 */
+	Expr forCtrl() {
+		ExprList exprList = (ExprList)exprList();
+		if (peek().sym == Sym.SEMICOLON) {
+			move();
+			Expr cond = expr();
+			match(Sym.SEMICOLON);
+			Expr update = exprList();
+			return new ForCtrl(exprList, cond, update, location);
+		}
+		
+		if (exprList.length() == 1) {
+			Expr expr = exprList.getExprArray()[0];
+			if (expr instanceof Id) {
+				match(Sym.COLON);
+				return new ForCtrl(((Id)expr), expr(), location);
+			}
+		}
+		throw new ParseException("The expression of #for directive is error", location);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/NumTok.java

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+
+/**
+ * NumToken 封装所有数值类型，并进行类型转换，以便尽早抛出异常
+ * 
+ * java 数值类型规则：
+ * 1：科学计数法默认为 double 类型，通过 Object v = 123E1; 测试可知
+ * 2：出现小数点的浮点数默认为 double 类型，无需指定 D/d 后缀。 而 float 类型必须指令 F/f 后缀
+ * 3：double、float (出现小数点即为浮点数) 只支持 10 进制：16 进制形式去书写直接报错，8 进制形式去书写被当成 10 进制
+ * 4：16 进制不支持科学计数法，因为 E/e 后缀会被当成是普通的 16 进制数字，而 +/- 号则被当成了加/减法运算
+ * 5： 8 进制在本质上不支持科学计数法，010E1 这样的科学计数写法会被当成 10 进制，去掉后面的 E1 变为 010 时才被当成 8 进制
+ * 6：所以 16 8 进制都不支持科学计数法，结论是对科学计数法的类型转换无需指定 radix 参数，而 BigDecimal 正好也不支持这个参数
+ * 
+ * 概要：
+ * 1：16 8 进制不支持浮点数
+ *   前者直接报错，后者直接忽略前缀 0 并当作 10 进制处理
+ *   
+ * 2：16 8 进制不支持科学计数法
+ *   虽然二者在书写方式上被允许写成 16 8 进制，但只将其当成 10 进制处理，前者将 E/e 当成16进制数字
+ *   后者忽略前缀 0 当成 10 进制处理，即看似 8 进制的科学计数法，实质是 10 进制科学计数法
+ *   
+ * 3： 科学计数法在本质上是 double，所以总结为一点 ---> 16 8 进制只支持整型数据
+ */
+public class NumTok extends Tok {
+	
+	private Object value;
+	
+	NumTok(Sym sym, String s, int radix, boolean isScientificNotation, Location location) {
+		super(sym, location.getRow());
+		try {
+			typeConvert(sym, s, radix, isScientificNotation, location);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private void typeConvert(Sym sym, String s, int radix, boolean isScientificNotation, Location location) {
+		switch (sym) {
+		case INT:
+			if (isScientificNotation) {
+				value = new BigDecimal(s).intValue();
+			} else {
+				value = Integer.valueOf(s, radix);		// 整型数据才支持 16 8 进制
+			}
+			break ;
+		case LONG:
+			if (isScientificNotation) {
+				value = new BigDecimal(s).longValue();
+			} else {
+				value = Long.valueOf(s, radix);			// 整型数据才支持 16 8 进制
+			}
+			break ;
+		case FLOAT:
+			if (isScientificNotation) {
+				value = new BigDecimal(s).floatValue();
+			} else {
+				value = Float.valueOf(s);				// 浮点数只支持 10 进制
+			}
+			break ;
+		case DOUBLE:
+			if (isScientificNotation) {
+				value = new BigDecimal(s).doubleValue();
+			} else {
+				value = Double.valueOf(s);				// 浮点数只支持 10 进制
+			}
+			break ;
+		default :
+			throw new ParseException("Unsupported type: " + sym.value(), location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public String value() {
+		return value.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public Object getNumberValue() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return sym.value() + " : " + value;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/Sym.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr;
+
+/**
+ * Sym
+ */
+public enum Sym {
+	
+	ASSIGN("="),
+	
+	DOT("."), RANGE(".."), COLON(":"), STATIC("::"), COMMA(","), SEMICOLON(";"),
+	LPAREN("("), RPAREN(")"), LBRACK("["), RBRACK("]"), LBRACE("{"), RBRACE("}"),
+	
+	ADD("+"), SUB("-"), INC("++"), DEC("--"),
+	MUL("*"), DIV("/"), MOD("%"),
+	
+	EQUAL("=="), NOTEQUAL("!="), LT("<"), LE("<="), GT(">"), GE(">="), 
+	
+	NOT("!"), AND("&&"), OR("||"),
+	
+	QUESTION("?"),
+	NULL_SAFE("??"),
+	
+	ID("ID"),
+	
+	STR("STR"), TRUE("TRUE"), FALSE("FALSE"), NULL("NULL"),
+	INT("INT"), LONG("LONG"), FLOAT("FLOAT"), DOUBLE("DOUBLE"),
+	
+	EOF("EOF");
+	
+	private final String value;
+	
+	private Sym(String value) {
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+	
+	public String value() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return value;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/Tok.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr;
+
+/**
+ * Tok
+ */
+class Tok {
+	
+	final Sym sym;
+	private final String value;
+	final int row;
+	
+	Tok(Sym sym, int row) {
+		this(sym, sym.value(), row);
+	}
+	
+	Tok(Sym exprSym, String value, int row) {
+		if (exprSym == null || value == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("exprSym and value can not be null");
+		}
+		this.sym = exprSym;
+		this.value = value;
+		this.row = row;
+	}
+	
+	String value() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	void print() {
+		System.out.print("[");
+		System.out.print(row);
+		System.out.print(", ");
+		System.out.print(sym.value());
+		System.out.print(", ");
+		System.out.print(value());
+		System.out.println("]");
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Arith.java

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Arithmetic
+ * 1：支持 byte short int long float double BigDecimal 的 + - * / % 运算
+ * 2：支持字符串加法运算
+ */
+public class Arith extends Expr {
+	
+	public static final int INT = 0;	// byte、short 用 int 类型支持，java 表达式亦如此
+	public static final int LONG = 1;
+	public static final int FLOAT = 2;
+	public static final int DOUBLE = 3;
+	public static final int BIGDECIMAL = 4;
+	
+	private Sym op;
+	private Expr left;
+	private Expr right;
+	
+	public Arith(Sym op, Expr left, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (left == null || right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.op = op;
+		this.left = left;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		try {
+			return doEval(scope);
+		} catch (TemplateException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private Object doEval(Scope scope) {
+		Object leftValue = left.eval(scope);
+		Object rightValue = right.eval(scope);
+		
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			
+			switch (op) {
+			case ADD:
+				return add(maxType, l, r);
+			case SUB:
+				return sub(maxType, l, r);
+			case MUL:
+				return mul(maxType, l, r);
+			case DIV:
+				return div(maxType, l, r);
+			case MOD:
+				return mod(maxType, l, r);
+			default :
+				throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operator: " + op.value(), location);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// 字符串加法运算
+		if (leftValue instanceof String || rightValue instanceof String) {
+            return String.valueOf(leftValue).concat(String.valueOf(rightValue));
+        }
+		
+		String leftObj = leftValue != null ? leftValue.getClass().getName() : "null";
+		String rightObj = rightValue != null ? rightValue.getClass().getName() : "null";
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation type: " + leftObj + " " +  op.value() + " " + rightObj, location);
+	}
+	
+	private int getMaxType(Number obj1, Number obj2) {
+		int t1 = getType(obj1);
+		if (t1 == BIGDECIMAL) {
+			return BIGDECIMAL;
+		}
+		int t2 = getType(obj2);
+		return t1 > t2 ? t1 : t2;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 注意：调用此方法的前提是，其中有一个对象的类型已经确定是 BigDecimal
+	 */
+	private BigDecimal[] toBigDecimals(Number left, Number right) {
+		BigDecimal[] ret = new BigDecimal[2];
+		if (left instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			ret[0] = (BigDecimal)left;
+			ret[1] = new BigDecimal(right.toString());
+		} else {
+			ret[0] = new BigDecimal(left.toString());
+			ret[1] = (BigDecimal)right;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private int getType(Number obj) {
+		if (obj instanceof Integer) {
+			return INT;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Long) {
+			return LONG;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Float) {
+			return FLOAT;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Double) {
+			return DOUBLE;
+		} else if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			return BIGDECIMAL;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Short || obj instanceof Byte) {
+			return INT;	// short byte 用 int 支持，java 表达式亦如此
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type: " + obj.getClass().getName(), location);
+	}
+	
+	private Number add(int maxType, Number left, Number right) {
+		switch (maxType) {
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.valueOf(left.intValue() + right.intValue());
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.valueOf(left.longValue() + right.longValue());
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.valueOf(left.floatValue() + right.floatValue());
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.valueOf(left.doubleValue() + right.doubleValue());
+		case BIGDECIMAL:
+			BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(left, right);
+			return (bd[0]).add(bd[1]);
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type", location);
+	}
+	
+	private Number sub(int maxType, Number left, Number right) {
+		switch (maxType) {
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.valueOf(left.intValue() - right.intValue());
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.valueOf(left.longValue() - right.longValue());
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.valueOf(left.floatValue() - right.floatValue());
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.valueOf(left.doubleValue() - right.doubleValue());
+		case BIGDECIMAL:
+			BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(left, right);
+			return (bd[0]).subtract(bd[1]);
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type", location);
+	}
+	
+	private Number mul(int maxType, Number left, Number right) {
+		switch (maxType) {
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.valueOf(left.intValue() * right.intValue());
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.valueOf(left.longValue() * right.longValue());
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.valueOf(left.floatValue() * right.floatValue());
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.valueOf(left.doubleValue() * right.doubleValue());
+		case BIGDECIMAL:
+			BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(left, right);
+			return (bd[0]).multiply(bd[1]);
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type", location);
+	}
+	
+	private Number div(int maxType, Number left, Number right) {
+		switch (maxType) {
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.valueOf(left.intValue() / right.intValue());
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.valueOf(left.longValue() / right.longValue());
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.valueOf(left.floatValue() / right.floatValue());
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.valueOf(left.doubleValue() / right.doubleValue());
+		case BIGDECIMAL:
+			BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(left, right);
+			// return (bd[0]).divide(bd[1]);
+			return (bd[0]).divide(bd[1], RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);	// 银行家舍入法
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type", location);
+	}
+	
+	private Number mod(int maxType, Number left, Number right) {
+		switch (maxType) {
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.valueOf(left.intValue() % right.intValue());
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.valueOf(left.longValue() % right.longValue());
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.valueOf(left.floatValue() % right.floatValue());
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.valueOf(left.doubleValue() % right.doubleValue());
+		case BIGDECIMAL:
+			BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(left, right);
+			return (bd[0]).divideAndRemainder(bd[1])[1];
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type", location);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Array.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Array
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * 1：[1, 2, 3]
+ * 2：["a", 1, "b", 2, false, 3.14]
+ */
+public class Array extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr[] exprList;
+	
+	public Array(Expr[] exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("exprList can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		List<Object> array = new ArrayListExt(exprList.length);
+		for (Expr expr : exprList) {
+			array.add(expr.eval(scope));
+		}
+		return array;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 支持 array.length 表达式
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	public static class ArrayListExt extends ArrayList<Object> {
+		
+		public ArrayListExt(int initialCapacity) {
+			super(initialCapacity);
+		}
+		
+		public Integer getLength() {
+			return size();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Assign.java

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Assign
+ * 
+ * 支持三种赋值，其中第二种如果括号中是 ID 或 STR 则演变为第三种是对 map 赋值：
+ * 1：ID = expr
+ * 2：ID [ expr ] = expr
+ *   如果 expr 为 int 或 long 型，则是对 array 赋值
+ *   如果 expr 为 ID、STR 型，则是对 map 进行赋值
+ *   否则抛异常出来
+ * 3：ID [ ID ] = expr 或者 ID [ STR ] = expr
+ * 4：支持无限连：id = array[ i = 0 ] = array[1] = 123
+ */
+public class Assign extends Expr {
+	
+	private String id;
+	private Expr index;	// index 用于支持 ID [ expr ] = expr 这种形式
+	private Expr right;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 数组赋值表达式
+	 */
+	public Assign(String id, Expr index, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (index == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The index expression of array assignment can not be null", location);
+		}
+		if (right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The expression on the right side of an assignment expression can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.id = id;
+		this.index = index;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 普通赋值表达式
+	 */
+	public Assign(String id, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The expression on the right side of an assignment expression can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.id = id;
+		this.index = null;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 赋值语句有返回值，可以用于表达式计算
+	 */
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		if (index == null) {
+			return assignVariable(scope);
+		} else {
+			return assignElement(scope);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	Object assignVariable(Scope scope) {
+		Object rightValue = right.eval(scope);
+		if (scope.getCtrl().isWisdomAssignment()) {
+			scope.set(id, rightValue);
+		} else if (scope.getCtrl().isLocalAssignment()) {
+			scope.setLocal(id, rightValue);
+		} else {
+			scope.setGlobal(id, rightValue);
+		}
+		
+		return rightValue;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 数组或 Map 赋值
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+	Object assignElement(Scope scope) {
+		Object target = scope.get(id);
+		if (target == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The assigned targets \"" + id + "\" can not be null", location);
+		}
+		Object idx = index.eval(scope);
+		if (idx == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The index of list/array and the key of map can not be null", location);
+		}
+		
+		Object value;
+		if (target instanceof Map) {
+			value = right.eval(scope);
+			((Map)target).put(idx, value);
+			return value;
+		}
+		
+		if ( !(idx instanceof Integer) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The index of list/array can only be integer", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (target instanceof List) {
+			value = right.eval(scope);
+			((List)target).set((Integer)idx, value);
+			return value;
+		}
+		if (target.getClass().isArray()) {
+			value = right.eval(scope);
+			java.lang.reflect.Array.set(target, (Integer)idx, value);
+			return value;
+		}
+		
+		throw new TemplateException("Only the list array and map is supported by index assignment", location);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Compare.java

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Compare
+ * 
+ * 1：支持 byte short int long float double BigDecimal 的 == != > >= < <= 操作
+ * 2：== != 作用于 string，调用其 equals 方法进行比较
+ * 3：> >= < <= 可以比较实现了 Comparable 接口的对象
+ * 
+ * 注意：float double 浮点型数据在比较操作时，具有精度上的局限性，不建议对浮点数进行比较
+ */
+public class Compare extends Expr {
+	
+	private Sym op;
+	private Expr left;
+	private Expr right;
+	
+	public Compare(Sym op, Expr left, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (left == null || right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.op = op;
+		this.left = left;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object leftValue = left.eval(scope);
+		Object rightValue = right.eval(scope);
+		
+		switch(op) {
+		case EQUAL:
+			return equal(leftValue, rightValue);
+		case NOTEQUAL:
+			return ! equal(leftValue, rightValue);
+		case GT:
+			return gt(leftValue, rightValue);
+		case GE:
+			return ge(leftValue, rightValue);
+		case LT:
+			return lt(leftValue, rightValue);
+		case LE:
+			return le(leftValue, rightValue);
+		default:
+			String l = leftValue  != null ? leftValue.getClass().getSimpleName()  : "null";
+			String r = rightValue != null ? rightValue.getClass().getSimpleName() : "null";
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation: " + l + " \"" + op.value() + "\" " + r, location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	Boolean equal(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue == rightValue) {
+            return Boolean.TRUE;
+        }
+		if (leftValue == null || rightValue == null) {
+			return Boolean.FALSE;
+		}
+		if (leftValue.equals(rightValue)) {
+			return Boolean.TRUE;
+		}
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			switch (maxType) {
+			case Arith.INT:
+				return l.intValue() == r.intValue();
+			case Arith.LONG:
+				return l.longValue() == r.longValue();
+			case Arith.FLOAT:
+				// 此法仅适用于两个对象类型相同的情况，升级为 BigDecimal 后精度会再高几个数量级
+				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) == Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+			case Arith.DOUBLE:
+				// 此法仅适用于两个对象类型相同的情况，升级为 BigDecimal 后精度会再高几个数量级
+				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) == Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
+				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
+				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) == 0;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Equal comparison support types of int long float double and BigDeciaml", location);
+		}
+		
+		return Boolean.FALSE;
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+	Boolean gt(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			switch (maxType) {
+			case Arith.INT:
+				return l.intValue() > r.intValue();
+			case Arith.LONG:
+				return l.longValue() > r.longValue();
+			case Arith.FLOAT:
+				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) > Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+			case Arith.DOUBLE:
+				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) > Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
+				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
+				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) > 0;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation: " + l.getClass().getSimpleName() + " \">\" " + r.getClass().getSimpleName(), location);
+		}
+		
+		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
+			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) > 0;
+		}
+		
+		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+	Boolean ge(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			switch (maxType) {
+			case Arith.INT:
+				return l.intValue() >= r.intValue();
+			case Arith.LONG:
+				return l.longValue() >= r.longValue();
+			case Arith.FLOAT:
+				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) >= Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+			case Arith.DOUBLE:
+				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) >= Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
+				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
+				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) >= 0;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation: " + l.getClass().getSimpleName() + " \">=\" " + r.getClass().getSimpleName(), location);
+		}
+		
+		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
+			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) >= 0;
+		}
+		
+		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+	Boolean lt(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			switch (maxType) {
+			case Arith.INT:
+				return l.intValue() < r.intValue();
+			case Arith.LONG:
+				return l.longValue() < r.longValue();
+			case Arith.FLOAT:
+				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) < Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+			case Arith.DOUBLE:
+				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) < Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
+				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
+				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) < 0;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation: " + l.getClass().getSimpleName() + " \"<\" " + r.getClass().getSimpleName(), location);
+		}
+		
+		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
+			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) < 0;
+		}
+		
+		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+	Boolean le(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue instanceof Number && rightValue instanceof Number) {
+			Number l = (Number)leftValue;
+			Number r = (Number)rightValue;
+			int maxType = getMaxType(l, r);
+			switch (maxType) {
+			case Arith.INT:
+				return l.intValue() <= r.intValue();
+			case Arith.LONG:
+				return l.longValue() <= r.longValue();
+			case Arith.FLOAT:
+				// return Float.floatToIntBits(l.floatValue()) <= Float.floatToIntBits(r.floatValue());
+			case Arith.DOUBLE:
+				// return Double.doubleToLongBits(l.doubleValue()) <= Double.doubleToLongBits(r.doubleValue());
+			case Arith.BIGDECIMAL:
+				BigDecimal[] bd = toBigDecimals(l, r);
+				return (bd[0]).compareTo(bd[1]) <= 0;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operation: " + l.getClass().getSimpleName() + " \"<=\" " + r.getClass().getSimpleName(), location);
+		}
+		
+		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
+			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) <= 0;
+		}
+		
+		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+	}
+	
+	private int getMaxType(Number obj1, Number obj2) {
+		int t1 = getType(obj1);
+		if (t1 == Arith.BIGDECIMAL) {
+			return Arith.BIGDECIMAL;
+		}
+		int t2 = getType(obj2);
+		return t1 > t2 ? t1 : t2;
+	}
+	
+	private int getType(Number obj) {
+		if (obj instanceof Integer) {
+			return Arith.INT;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Long) {
+			return Arith.LONG;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Float) {
+			return Arith.FLOAT;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Double) {
+			return Arith.DOUBLE;
+		} else if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			return Arith.BIGDECIMAL;
+		} else if (obj instanceof Short || obj instanceof Byte) {
+			return Arith.INT;	// short byte 用 int 支持，java 表达式亦如此
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type: " + obj.getClass().getName(), location);
+	}
+	
+	BigDecimal[] toBigDecimals(Number left, Number right) {
+		BigDecimal[] ret = new BigDecimal[2];
+		ret[0] = (left instanceof BigDecimal ? (BigDecimal)left : new BigDecimal(left.toString()));
+		ret[1] = (right instanceof BigDecimal ? (BigDecimal)right : new BigDecimal(right.toString()));
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private Boolean checkType(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+		if (leftValue == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The operation target on the left side of \"" + op.value() + "\" can not be null", location);
+		}
+		if (rightValue == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The operation target on the right side of \"" + op.value() + "\" can not be null", location);
+		}
+		
+		throw new TemplateException(
+			"Unsupported operation: " +
+			leftValue.getClass().getSimpleName() +
+			" \"" + op.value() + "\" " +
+			rightValue.getClass().getSimpleName(),
+			location
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Const.java

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * STR INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE true false null
+ */
+public class Const extends Expr {
+	
+	public static final Const TRUE = new Const(Boolean.TRUE, Sym.TRUE);
+	public static final Const FALSE = new Const(Boolean.FALSE, Sym.FALSE);
+	public static final Const NULL = new Const(null, Sym.NULL);
+	
+	private Sym type;
+	private Object value;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构造 TRUE FALSE NULL 常量，无需对 value 进行转换
+	 */
+	private Const(Object value, Sym type) {
+		this.type = type;
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+	
+	public Const(Sym type, String value) {
+		this.type = type;
+		this.value = typeConvert(type, value);
+	}
+	
+	private Object typeConvert(Sym type, String value) {
+		switch (type) {
+		case STR:
+			return value;
+		case INT:
+			return Integer.parseInt(value);
+		case LONG:
+			return Long.parseLong(value);
+		case FLOAT:
+			return Float.parseFloat(value);
+		case DOUBLE:
+			return Double.parseDouble(value);
+		/*
+		case TRUE:
+		case FALSE:
+			return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+		case NULL:
+			return null;
+		*/
+		default:
+			throw new RuntimeException("never happend");
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return value.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isStr() {
+		return type == Sym.STR;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isTrue() {
+		return type == Sym.TRUE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isFalse() {
+		return type == Sym.FALSE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isBoolean() {
+		return type == Sym.TRUE || type == Sym.FALSE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isNull() {
+		return type == Sym.NULL;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isInt() {
+		return type == Sym.INT;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isLong() {
+		return type == Sym.LONG;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isFloat() {
+		return type == Sym.FLOAT;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isDouble() {
+		return type == Sym.DOUBLE;
+	}
+	
+	public Object getValue() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String getStr() {
+		return (String)value;
+	}
+	
+	public Boolean getBoolean() {
+		return (Boolean)value;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer getInt() {
+		return (Integer)value;
+	}
+	
+	public Long getLong() {
+		return (Long)value;
+	}
+	
+	public Float getFloat() {
+		return (Float)value;
+	}
+	
+	public Double getDouble() {
+		return (Double)value;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Expr.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Expr
+ */
+public abstract class Expr {
+	
+	protected Location location;
+	
+	public abstract Object eval(Scope scope);
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/ExprList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * ExprList
+ */
+public class ExprList extends Expr {
+	
+	public static final Expr[] NULL_EXPR_ARRAY = new Expr[0];
+	public static final Object[] NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY =  new Object[0];
+	public static final ExprList NULL_EXPR_LIST = new ExprList();
+	
+	private Expr[] exprArray;
+	
+	private ExprList() {
+		this.exprArray = NULL_EXPR_ARRAY;
+	}
+	
+	public ExprList(List<Expr> exprList) {
+		if (exprList != null && exprList.size() > 0) {
+			exprArray = exprList.toArray(new Expr[exprList.size()]);
+		} else {
+			exprArray = NULL_EXPR_ARRAY;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public Expr[] getExprArray() {
+		return exprArray;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getExpr(int index) {
+		if (index < 0 || index >= exprArray.length) {
+			throw new TemplateException("Index out of bounds: index = " + index + ", length = " + exprArray.length, location);
+		}
+		return exprArray[index];
+	}
+	
+	public int length() {
+		return exprArray.length;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 对所有表达式求值，只返回最后一个表达式的值
+	 */
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object ret = null;
+		for (Expr expr : exprArray) {
+			ret = expr.eval(scope);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 对所有表达式求值，并返回所有表达式的值
+	 */
+	public Object[] evalExprList(Scope scope) {
+		if (exprArray.length == 0) {
+			return NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY;
+		}
+		
+		Object[] ret = new Object[exprArray.length];
+		for (int i=0; i<exprArray.length; i++) {
+			ret[i] = exprArray[i].eval(scope);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Field.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+// import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Model;
+// import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Record;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Field
+ * 
+ * field 表达式取值优先次序，以 user.name 为例
+ * 1：假如 user.getName() 存在，则优先调用
+ * 2：假如 user 为 Model 子类，则调用 user.get("name")
+ * 3：假如 user 为 Record，则调用 user.get("name")
+ * 4：假如 user 为 Map，则调用 user.get("name")
+ * 5：假如 user 具有 public name 属性，则取 user.name 属性值
+ */
+public class Field extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr expr;
+	private String fieldName;
+	private String getterName;
+	
+	public Field(Expr expr, String fieldName, Location location) {
+		if (expr == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The object for field access can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.expr = expr;
+		this.fieldName = fieldName;
+		this.getterName = "get" + StrKit.firstCharToUpperCase(fieldName);
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object target = expr.eval(scope);
+		if (target == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			if (expr instanceof Id) {
+				String id = ((Id)expr).getId();
+				throw new TemplateException("\"" + id + "\" can not be null for accessed by \"" + id + "." + fieldName + "\"", location);
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("Can not accessed by \"" + fieldName + "\" field from null target", location);
+		}
+		
+		Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
+		String key = FieldKit.getFieldKey(targetClass, getterName);
+		MethodInfo getter;
+		try {
+			getter = MethodKit.getGetterMethod(key, targetClass, getterName);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+		
+		try {
+			if (getter != null) {
+				return getter.invoke(target, ExprList.NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY);
+			}
+//			if (target instanceof Model) {
+//				return ((Model<?>)target).get(fieldName);
+//			}
+//			if (target instanceof Record) {
+//				return ((Record)target).get(fieldName);
+//			}
+			if (target instanceof java.util.Map) {
+				return ((java.util.Map<?, ?>)target).get(fieldName);
+			}
+			// if (target instanceof com.jfinal.kit.Ret) {
+				// return ((com.jfinal.kit.Ret)target).get(fieldName);
+			// }
+			java.lang.reflect.Field field = FieldKit.getField(key, targetClass, fieldName);
+			if (field != null) {
+				return field.get(target);
+			}
+			
+			// 支持获取数组长度： array.length
+			if ("length".equals(fieldName) && target.getClass().isArray()) {
+				return Array.getLength(target);
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+		
+		if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		if (expr instanceof Id) {
+			String id = ((Id)expr).getId();
+			throw new TemplateException("Field not found: \"" + id + "." + fieldName + "\" and getter method not found: \"" + id + "." + getterName + "()\"", location);
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("Field not found: \"" + fieldName + "\" and getter method not found: \"" + getterName + "()\"", location);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * FieldKit
+ */
+public class FieldKit {
+	
+	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> fieldCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
+	
+	public static Field getField(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+		Object field = fieldCache.get(key);
+		if (field == null) {
+			field = doGetField(targetClass, fieldName);
+			if (field != null) {
+				fieldCache.putIfAbsent(key, field);
+			} else {
+				// 对于不存在的 Field，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
+				fieldCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
+			}
+		}
+		return field instanceof Field ? (Field)field : null;
+	}
+	
+	private static Field doGetField(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+		Field[] fs = targetClass.getFields();
+		for (Field f : fs) {
+			if (f.getName().equals(fieldName)) {
+				return f;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取 Field 用于缓存的 key
+	 */
+	public static String getFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass, String getterName) {
+        return new StringBuilder(64).append(targetClass.getName())
+        		.append('.').append(getterName).toString();
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/ForCtrl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * forCtrl : ID : expression
+ * 		   | exprList? ';' expr? ';' exprList?
+ * 
+ * 两种用法
+ * 1：#for(id : list) #end
+ *    #for(entry : map) #end
+ * 
+ * 2：#for(init; cond; update) #end
+ */
+public class ForCtrl extends Expr {
+	
+	private String id;
+	private Expr expr;
+	
+	private Expr init;
+	private Expr cond;
+	private Expr update;
+	
+	/**
+	 * ID : expr
+	 */
+	public ForCtrl(Id id, Expr expr, Location location) {
+		if (expr == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The iterator target of #for statement can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.id = id.getId();
+		this.expr = expr;
+		this.init = null;
+		this.cond = null;
+		this.update = null;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * exprList? ';' expr? ';' exprList?
+	 */
+	public ForCtrl(Expr init, Expr cond, Expr update, Location location) {
+		this.init = init;
+		this.cond = cond;
+		this.update = update;
+		this.id = null;
+		this.expr = null;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isIterator() {
+		return id != null;
+	}
+	
+	public String getId() {
+		return id;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getExpr() {
+		return expr;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getInit() {
+		return init;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getCond() {
+		return cond;
+	}
+	
+	public Expr getUpdate() {
+		return update;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		throw new TemplateException("The eval(Scope scope) method can not be invoked", location);
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Id.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Id
+ */
+public class Id extends Expr {
+	
+	private String id;
+	
+	public Id(String id) {
+		this.id = id;
+	}
+	
+	public String getId() {
+		return id;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		return scope.get(id);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Id.toString() 后续版本不能变动，已有部分第三方依赖此方法
+	 */
+	public String toString() {
+		return id;
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/IncDec.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * 自增与自减
+ */
+public class IncDec extends Expr {
+	
+	private Sym op;
+	private String id;
+	private boolean isPost;	// 是否是后缀形式： i++  i--
+	
+	public IncDec(Sym op, boolean isPost, Expr id, Location location) {
+		if (id == null) {
+			throw new ParseException(op.value() + " operator requires target to be operational", location);
+		}
+		if ( !(id instanceof Id) ) {
+			throw new ParseException(op.value() + " operator only supports identifiers", location);
+		}
+		
+		this.op = op;
+		this.id = ((Id)id).getId();
+		this.isPost = isPost;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Map map = scope.getMapOfValue(id);
+		if (map == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The target of " + op.value() + " operator can not be null", location);
+		}
+		Object value = map.get(id);
+		if ( !(value instanceof Number) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException(op.value() + " operator only support int long float double and BigDecimal type", location);
+		}
+		
+		Number newValue;
+		switch (op) {
+		case INC:
+			newValue = inc((Number)value);
+			break ;
+		case DEC:
+			newValue = dec((Number)value);
+			break ;
+		default:
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operator: " + op.value(), location);
+		}
+		map.put(id, newValue);
+		return isPost ? value : newValue;
+	}
+	
+	private Number inc(Number num) {
+		if (num instanceof Integer) {
+			return Integer.valueOf(num.intValue() + 1);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Long) {
+			return Long.valueOf(num.longValue() + 1L);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Float) {
+			return Float.valueOf(num.floatValue() + 1F);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Double) {
+			return Double.valueOf(num.doubleValue() + 1D);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			return ((BigDecimal)num).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof BigInteger) {
+			return ((BigInteger)num).add(BigInteger.ONE);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Short) {
+			return (short)(((Short)num).shortValue() + 1);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Byte) {
+			return (byte)(((Byte)num).byteValue() + 1);
+		}
+		return num.intValue() + 1;
+	}
+	
+	private Number dec(Number num) {
+		if (num instanceof Integer) {
+			return Integer.valueOf(num.intValue() - 1);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Long) {
+			return Long.valueOf(num.longValue() - 1L);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Float) {
+			return Float.valueOf(num.floatValue() - 1F);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Double) {
+			return Double.valueOf(num.doubleValue() - 1D);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			return ((BigDecimal)num).subtract(BigDecimal.ONE);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof BigInteger) {
+			return ((BigInteger)num).subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Short) {
+			return (short)(((Short)num).shortValue() - 1);
+		}
+		if (num instanceof Byte) {
+			return (byte)(((Byte)num).byteValue() - 1);
+		}
+		return num.intValue() - 1;
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Index.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * index : expr '[' expr ']'
+ * 
+ * 支持 a[i]、 a[b[i]]、a[i][j]、a[i][j]...[n]
+ */
+public class Index extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr expr;
+	private Expr index;
+	
+	public Index(Expr expr, Expr index, Location location) {
+		if (expr == null || index == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("array/list/map and their index can not be null", location);
+		}
+		this.expr = expr;
+		this.index = index;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object array = expr.eval(scope);
+		if (array == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The index access operation target can not be null", location);
+		}
+		
+		Object idx = index.eval(scope);
+		if (idx == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The index of list/array and the key of map can not be null", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (array instanceof List) {
+			if (idx instanceof Integer) {
+				return ((List<?>)array).get((Integer)idx);
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The index of list can only be integer", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (array instanceof java.util.Map) {
+			return ((java.util.Map)array).get(idx);
+		}
+		
+		if (array.getClass().isArray()) {
+			if (idx instanceof Integer) {
+				return java.lang.reflect.Array.get(array, (Integer)idx);
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The index of array can only be integer", location);
+		}
+		
+		throw new TemplateException("Only the list array and map is supported by index access", location);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Logic.java

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Logic
+ * 
+ * 支持逻辑运算： !  &&  ||
+ */
+public class Logic extends Expr {
+	
+	private Sym op;
+	private Expr left;		// ! 运算没有 left 参数
+	private Expr right;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构造 || && 结点
+	 */
+	public Logic(Sym op, Expr left, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (left == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator on the left side can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator on the right side can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.op = op;
+		this.left = left;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构造 ! 结点，left 为 null
+	 */
+	public Logic(Sym op, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (right == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator on the right side can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.op = op;
+		this.left = null;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		switch (op) {
+		case NOT:
+			return evalNot(scope);
+		case AND:
+			return evalAnd(scope);
+		case OR:
+			return evalOr(scope);
+		default:
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operator: " + op.value(), location);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	Object evalNot(Scope scope) {
+		return ! isTrue(right.eval(scope));
+	}
+	
+	Object evalAnd(Scope scope) {
+		return isTrue(left.eval(scope)) && isTrue(right.eval(scope));
+	}
+	
+	Object evalOr(Scope scope) {
+		return isTrue(left.eval(scope)) || isTrue(right.eval(scope));
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 规则：
+	 * 1：null 返回 false
+	 * 2：boolean 类型，原值返回
+	 * 3：Map、Connection(List被包括在内) 返回 size() > 0
+	 * 4：数组，返回 length > 0
+	 * 5：String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer 等继承自 CharSequence 类的对象，返回 length > 0
+	 * 6：Number 类型，返回 value != 0
+	 * 7：Iterator 返回 hasNext() 值
+	 * 8：其它返回 true
+	 */
+	public static boolean isTrue(Object v) {
+		if (v == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Boolean) {
+			return (Boolean)v;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Collection) {
+			return ((Collection<?>)v).size() > 0;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Map) {
+			return ((Map<?, ?>)v).size() > 0;
+		}
+		if (v.getClass().isArray()) {
+			return Array.getLength(v) > 0;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof CharSequence) {
+			return ((CharSequence)v).length() > 0;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Number) {
+			if (v instanceof Double) {
+				return ((Number)v).doubleValue() != 0;
+			}
+			if (v instanceof Float) {
+				return ((Number)v).floatValue() != 0;
+			}
+			return ((Number)v).intValue() != 0;
+		}
+		if (v instanceof Iterator) {
+			return ((Iterator<?>)v).hasNext();
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isFalse(Object v) {
+		return !isTrue(v);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Map.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Map
+ * 
+ * 1：定义 map 常量
+ *   {k1:123, k2:"abc", 'k3':true, "k4":[1,2,3], k5:1+2}
+ *   如上所示，map定义的 key 可以为 String 或者 id 标识符，而右侧的 value 可以是任意的常量与表达式
+ * 
+ * 2：取值
+ *   先将 Map 常量赋值给某个变量： #set(map = {...})
+ *   map['k1']
+ *   map["k1"]
+ *   map[expr]
+ *   map.get("k1")
+ *   map.k1
+ *   
+ *   如上所示，当以下标方式取值时，下标参数可以是 string 与  expr，而 expr 求值以后的值必须也为 string类型
+ *   当用 map.k1 这类 field 字段取值形式时，则是使用 id 标识符，而不是 string 形参数
+ *   
+ *   注意：即便是定义的时候 key 用的是 id 标识符，但在取值时也要用 string 类型下标参数或 expr 求值后为 string
+ *        定义时 key 可以使用 id 标识符是为了书写方便，本质上仍然是 string
+ * 
+ * 3：可创建空 map，如： #(map = {})
+ */
+public class Map extends Expr {
+	
+	private LinkedHashMap<Object, Expr> map;
+	
+	public Map(LinkedHashMap<Object, Expr> map) {
+		this.map = map;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		LinkedHashMap<Object, Object> valueMap = new LinkedHashMap<Object, Object>(map.size());
+		for (Entry<Object, Expr> e : map.entrySet()) {
+			valueMap.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue().eval(scope));
+		}
+		return valueMap;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Method.java

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Method : expr '.' ID '(' exprList? ')'
+ */
+public class Method extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr expr;
+	private String methodName;
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public Method(Expr expr, String methodName, ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList == null || exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of method can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		init(expr, methodName, exprList, location);
+	}
+	
+	public Method(Expr expr, String methodName, Location location) {
+		init(expr, methodName, ExprList.NULL_EXPR_LIST, location);
+	}
+	
+	private void init(Expr expr, String methodName, ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (expr == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The target for method invoking can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (MethodKit.isForbiddenMethod(methodName)) {
+			throw new ParseException("Forbidden method: " + methodName, location);
+		}
+		this.expr = expr;
+		this.methodName = methodName;
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object target = expr.eval(scope);
+		if (target == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The target for method invoking can not be null, method name: " + methodName, location);
+		}
+		
+		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
+		MethodInfo methodInfo;
+		try {
+			methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(target.getClass(), methodName, argValues);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+		if (methodInfo == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException(buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Method not found: " + target.getClass().getName() + ".", methodName, argValues), location);
+		}
+		
+		try {
+			return methodInfo.invoke(target, argValues);
+		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+			Throwable t = e.getTargetException();
+			if (t != null) {
+				throw new TemplateException(t.getMessage(), location, t);
+			} else {
+				throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	static String buildMethodNotFoundSignature(String preMsg, String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder().append(preMsg).append(methodName).append("(");
+		if (argValues != null) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < argValues.length; i++) {
+				if (i > 0) {
+					ret.append(", ");
+				}
+				ret.append(argValues[i] != null ? argValues[i].getClass().getName() : "null");
+			}
+		}
+		return ret.append(")").toString();
+	}
+	
+	/*
+	public static Object invokeVarArgsMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method method, Object target, Object[] argValues) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+		Class<?>[] paraTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+		Object[] finalArgValues = new Object[paraTypes.length];
+		
+		int fixedParaLength = paraTypes.length - 1;
+		System.arraycopy(argValues, 0, finalArgValues, 0, fixedParaLength);
+		Class<?> varParaComponentType = paraTypes[paraTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
+		Object varParaValues = Array.newInstance(varParaComponentType, argValues.length - fixedParaLength);
+		int p = 0;
+		for (int i=fixedParaLength; i<argValues.length; i++) {
+			Array.set(varParaValues, p++, argValues[i]);
+		}
+		finalArgValues[paraTypes.length - 1] = varParaValues;
+		return method.invoke(target, finalArgValues);
+	}*/
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+
+/**
+ * MethodInfo
+ */
+public class MethodInfo {
+	
+	protected final String key;
+	protected final Class<?> clazz;
+	protected final Method method;
+	
+	protected final boolean isVarArgs;
+	protected final Class<?>[] paraTypes;
+	
+	public MethodInfo(String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
+		this.key = key;
+		this.clazz = clazz;
+		this.method = method;
+		this.isVarArgs = method.isVarArgs();
+		this.paraTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+	}
+	
+	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+		if (isVarArgs) {
+			return invokeVarArgsMethod(target, args);
+		} else {
+			return method.invoke(target, args);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected Object invokeVarArgsMethod(Object target, Object[] argValues) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+		Object[] finalArgValues = new Object[paraTypes.length];
+		
+		int fixedParaLength = paraTypes.length - 1;
+		System.arraycopy(argValues, 0, finalArgValues, 0, fixedParaLength);
+		Class<?> varParaComponentType = paraTypes[paraTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
+		Object varParaValues = Array.newInstance(varParaComponentType, argValues.length - fixedParaLength);
+		int p = 0;
+		for (int i=fixedParaLength; i<argValues.length; i++) {
+			Array.set(varParaValues, p++, argValues[i]);
+		}
+		finalArgValues[paraTypes.length - 1] = varParaValues;
+		return method.invoke(target, finalArgValues);
+	}
+	
+	public String getKey() {
+		return key;
+	}
+	
+	public String getName() {
+		return method.getName();
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isStatic() {
+		return Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers());
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isVarArgs() {
+		return isVarArgs;
+	}
+	
+	protected Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
+		return paraTypes;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName()).append(".").append(method.getName()).append("(");
+		for (int i=0; i<paraTypes.length; i++) {
+			if (i > 0) {
+				ret.append(", ");
+			}
+			ret.append(paraTypes[i].getName());
+		}
+		return ret.append(")").toString();
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfoExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/**
+ * MethodInfoExt 辅助实现 extension method 功能
+ */
+public class MethodInfoExt extends MethodInfo {
+	
+	protected Object objectOfExtensionClass;
+	
+	public MethodInfoExt(Object objectOfExtensionClass, String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method) {
+		super(key, clazz, method);
+		this.objectOfExtensionClass = objectOfExtensionClass;
+		
+		// 将被 mixed 的类自身添加入参数类型数组的第一个位置
+		// Class<?>[] newParaTypes = new Class<?>[paraTypes.length + 1];
+		// newParaTypes[0] = clazz;	// 第一个参数就是被 mixed 的类它自己
+		// System.arraycopy(paraTypes, 0, newParaTypes, 1, paraTypes.length);
+		// this.paraTypes = newParaTypes;
+	}
+	
+	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+		Object[] finalArgs = new Object[args.length + 1];
+		finalArgs[0] = target;
+		
+		if (args.length > 0) {
+			System.arraycopy(args, 0, finalArgs, 1, args.length);
+		}
+		
+		if (isVarArgs) {
+			return invokeVarArgsMethod(objectOfExtensionClass, finalArgs);
+		} else {
+			return method.invoke(objectOfExtensionClass, finalArgs);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.ByteExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.DoubleExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.FloatExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.IntegerExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.LongExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.ShortExt;
+import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.StringExt;
+
+/**
+ * MethodKit
+ */
+public class MethodKit {
+	
+	private static final Class<?>[] NULL_ARG_TYPES = new Class<?>[0];
+	private static final Set<String> forbiddenMethods = new HashSet<String>();
+	private static final Set<Class<?>> forbiddenClasses = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
+	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
+	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
+	
+	// 初始化在模板中调用 method 时所在的被禁止使用类
+	static {
+		Class<?>[] cs = {
+			System.class, Runtime.class, Thread.class, Class.class, ClassLoader.class, File.class,
+			Compiler.class, InheritableThreadLocal.class, Package.class, Process.class,
+			RuntimePermission.class, SecurityManager.class, ThreadGroup.class, ThreadLocal.class
+		};
+		for (Class<?> c : cs) {
+			forbiddenClasses.add(c);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 初始化在模板中被禁止使用的 method name
+	static {
+		String[] ms = {
+			"getClass", "getDeclaringClass", "forName", "newInstance", "getClassLoader",
+			"getMethod", "getMethods", "getField", "getFields",
+			"notify", "notifyAll", "wait",
+			"load", "exit", "loadLibrary", "halt",
+			"stop", "suspend", "resume", "setDaemon", "setPriority",
+		};
+		for (String m : ms) {
+			forbiddenMethods.add(m);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 初始化 primitive type 与 boxed type 双向映射关系
+	static {
+		primitiveMap.put(byte.class, Byte.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(short.class, Short.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(int.class, Integer.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(long.class, Long.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(float.class, Float.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(double.class, Double.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(char.class, Character.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(boolean.class, Boolean.class);
+		
+		primitiveMap.put(Byte.class, byte.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Short.class, short.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Integer.class, int.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Long.class, long.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Float.class, float.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Double.class, double.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Character.class, char.class);
+		primitiveMap.put(Boolean.class, boolean.class);
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isForbiddenClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+		return forbiddenClasses.contains(clazz);
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isForbiddenMethod(String methodName) {
+		return forbiddenMethods.contains(methodName);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addForbiddenMethod(String methodName) {
+		forbiddenMethods.add(methodName);
+	}
+	
+	public static MethodInfo getMethod(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
+		Class<?>[] argTypes = getArgTypes(argValues);
+		String key = getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
+		Object method = methodCache.get(key);
+		if (method == null) {
+			method = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
+			if (method != null) {
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
+			} else {
+				// 对于不存在的 Method，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
+				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
+			}
+		}
+		return method instanceof MethodInfo ? (MethodInfo)method : null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取 getter 方法
+	 * 使用与 Field 相同的 key，避免生成两次 key值
+	 */
+	public static MethodInfo getGetterMethod(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName) {
+		Object getterMethod = methodCache.get(key);
+		if (getterMethod == null) {
+			getterMethod = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, NULL_ARG_TYPES);
+			if (getterMethod != null) {
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, getterMethod);
+			} else {
+				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
+			}
+		}
+		return getterMethod instanceof MethodInfo ? (MethodInfo)getterMethod : null;
+	}
+	
+	static Class<?>[] getArgTypes(Object[] argValues) {
+		if (argValues == null || argValues.length == 0) {
+			return NULL_ARG_TYPES;
+		}
+		Class<?>[] argTypes = new Class<?>[argValues.length];
+		for (int i=0; i<argValues.length; i++) {
+			argTypes[i] = argValues[i] != null ? argValues[i].getClass() : null;
+		}
+		return argTypes;
+	}
+	
+	private static MethodInfo doGetMethod(String key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+		if (forbiddenClasses.contains(targetClass)) {
+			throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden class: " + targetClass.getName());
+		}
+		// 仅开启 forbiddenClasses 检测
+		// if (forbiddenMethods.contains(methodName)) {
+		// 	throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden method: " + methodName);
+		// }
+		
+		Method[] methodArray = targetClass.getMethods();
+		for (Method method : methodArray) {
+			if (method.getName().equals(methodName)) {
+				Class<?>[] paraTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+				if (matchFixedArgTypes(paraTypes, argTypes)) {	// 无条件优先匹配固定参数方法
+					return new MethodInfo(key, targetClass, method);
+				}
+				if (method.isVarArgs() && matchVarArgTypes(paraTypes, argTypes)) {
+					return new MethodInfo(key, targetClass, method);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	static boolean matchFixedArgTypes(Class<?>[] paraTypes, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+		if (paraTypes.length != argTypes.length) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return matchRangeTypes(paraTypes, argTypes, paraTypes.length);
+	}
+	
+	private static boolean matchRangeTypes(Class<?>[] paraTypes, Class<?>[] argTypes, int matchLength) {
+		for (int i=0; i<matchLength; i++) {
+			if (argTypes[i] == null) {
+				if (paraTypes[i].isPrimitive()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (paraTypes[i].isAssignableFrom(argTypes[i])) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			// object instanceof Xxx、Class.isAssignableFrom(Class)、Class.isInstance(Object) not works for primitive type
+			if (paraTypes[i] == argTypes[i] || primitiveMap.get(paraTypes[i]) == argTypes[i]) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	static boolean matchVarArgTypes(Class<?>[] paraTypes, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+		int fixedParaLength = paraTypes.length - 1;
+		if (argTypes.length < fixedParaLength) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (!matchRangeTypes(paraTypes, argTypes, fixedParaLength)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		Class<?> varArgType = paraTypes[paraTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
+		for (int i=fixedParaLength; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
+			if (argTypes[i] == null) {
+				if (varArgType.isPrimitive()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (varArgType.isAssignableFrom(argTypes[i])) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (varArgType == argTypes[i] || primitiveMap.get(varArgType) == argTypes[i]) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取方法用于缓存的 key
+	 */
+	private static String getMethodKey(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+        StringBuilder key = new StringBuilder(96);
+        key.append(targetClass.getName());
+        key.append('.').append(methodName);
+        if (argTypes != null && argTypes.length > 0) {
+        	createArgTypesDigest(argTypes, key);
+		}
+        return key.toString();
+    }
+	
+	static void createArgTypesDigest(Class<?>[] argTypes, StringBuilder key) {
+		StringBuilder argTypesDigest = new StringBuilder(64);
+		for (int i=0; i<argTypes.length; i++) {
+            Class<?> type = argTypes[i];
+            argTypesDigest.append(type != null ? type.getName() : "null");
+        }
+		key.append(HashKit.md5(argTypesDigest.toString()));
+	}
+	
+	// 以下代码实现 extension method 功能 --------------------
+	
+	// 添加 jfinal 官方扩展方法 extension method
+	static {
+		addExtensionMethod(String.class, new StringExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Integer.class, new IntegerExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Long.class, new LongExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Float.class, new FloatExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Double.class, new DoubleExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Short.class, new ShortExt());
+		addExtensionMethod(Byte.class, new ByteExt());
+	}
+	
+	public synchronized static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
+		Class<?> extensionClass = objectOfExtensionClass.getClass();
+		java.lang.reflect.Method[] methodArray = extensionClass.getMethods();
+		for (java.lang.reflect.Method method : methodArray) {
+			Class<?> decClass = method.getDeclaringClass();	
+			if (decClass == Object.class) {		// 考虑用于优化路由生成那段代码
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			Class<?>[] extensionMethodParaTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+			String methodName = method.getName();
+			if (extensionMethodParaTypes.length == 0) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(buildMethodSignatureForException("Extension method requires at least one argument: " + extensionClass.getName() + ".", methodName, extensionMethodParaTypes));
+			}
+			
+			// Extension method 第一个参数必须与当前对象的类型一致，在调用时会将当前对象自身传给扩展方法的第一个参数
+			if (targetClass != extensionMethodParaTypes[0]) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(buildMethodSignatureForException("The first argument type of : " + extensionClass.getName() + ".", methodName, extensionMethodParaTypes) + " must be: " + targetClass.getName());
+			}
+			
+			Class<?>[] targetParaTypes = new Class<?>[extensionMethodParaTypes.length - 1];
+			System.arraycopy(extensionMethodParaTypes, 1, targetParaTypes, 0, targetParaTypes.length);
+			
+			try {
+				Method error = targetClass.getMethod(methodName, targetParaTypes);
+				if (error != null) {
+					throw new RuntimeException("Extension method \"" + methodName + "\" is already exists in class \"" + targetClass.getName() + "\"");
+				}
+			} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {		// Method 找不到才能添加该扩展方法
+				String key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
+				if (methodCache.containsKey(key)) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(buildMethodSignatureForException("The extension method is already exists: " + extensionClass.getName() + ".", methodName, targetParaTypes));
+				}
+				
+				MethodInfoExt mie = new MethodInfoExt(objectOfExtensionClass, key, extensionClass/* targetClass */, method);
+				methodCache.put(key, mie);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
+		addExtensionMethod(targetClass, ReflectKit.newInstance(extensionClass));
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
+		Class<?> extensionClass = objectOfExtensionClass.getClass();
+		java.lang.reflect.Method[] methodArray = extensionClass.getMethods();
+		for (java.lang.reflect.Method method : methodArray) {
+			Class<?> decClass = method.getDeclaringClass();	
+			if (decClass == Object.class) {		// 考虑用于优化路由生成那段代码
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			Class<?>[] extensionMethodParaTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+			String methodName = method.getName();
+			Class<?>[] targetParaTypes = new Class<?>[extensionMethodParaTypes.length - 1];
+			System.arraycopy(extensionMethodParaTypes, 1, targetParaTypes, 0, targetParaTypes.length);
+			
+			String key = MethodKit.getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, toBoxedType(targetParaTypes));
+			methodCache.remove(key);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveToBoxedMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
+	
+	// 初始化 primitive type 到 boxed type 的映射
+	static {
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(byte.class, Byte.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(short.class, Short.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(int.class, Integer.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(long.class, Long.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(float.class, Float.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(double.class, Double.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(char.class, Character.class);
+		primitiveToBoxedMap.put(boolean.class, Boolean.class);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 由于从在模板中传递的基本数据类型参数只可能是 boxed 类型，当 extension method 中的方法参数是
+	 * primitive 类型时，在 getMethod(key) 时无法获取 addExtensionMethod(...) 注册的扩展方法
+	 * 所以为扩展方法调用 getMethodKey(...) 生成 key 时一律转成 boxed 类型去生成方法的 key 值
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：该值仅用于在获取方法是通过 key 能获取到 MethindInfoExt，而 MethindInfoExt.paraType 仍然
+	 *      是原来的参数值
+	 */
+	private static Class<?>[] toBoxedType(Class<?>[] targetParaTypes) {
+		int len = targetParaTypes.length;
+		if (len == 0) {
+			return targetParaTypes;
+		}
+		
+		Class<?>[] ret = new Class<?>[len];
+		for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
+			Class<?> temp = primitiveToBoxedMap.get(targetParaTypes[i]);
+			if (temp != null) {
+				ret[i] = temp;
+			} else {
+				ret[i] = targetParaTypes[i];
+			}
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
+		removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, ReflectKit.newInstance(extensionClass));
+	}
+	
+	private static String buildMethodSignatureForException(String preMsg, String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder().append(preMsg).append(methodName).append("(");
+		if (argTypes != null) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
+				if (i > 0) {
+					ret.append(", ");
+				}
+				ret.append(argTypes[i] != null ? argTypes[i].getName() : "null");
+			}
+		}
+		return ret.append(")").toString();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/NullSafe.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * NullSafe
+ * 在原则上只支持具有动态特征的用法，例如：方法调用、字段取值、Map 与 List 取值
+ * 而不支持具有静态特征的用法，例如：static method 调用、shared method 调用
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #( seoTitle ?? "JFinal 极速开发社区" )
+ * 支持级联：  #( a.b.c ?? "JFinal 极速开发社区" )
+ * 支持嵌套：  #( a ?? b ?? c ?? d)
+ */
+public class NullSafe extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr left;
+	private Expr right;
+	
+	public NullSafe(Expr left, Expr right, Location location) {
+		if (left == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The expression on the left side of null coalescing and safe access operator \"??\" can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.left = left;
+		this.right = right;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		boolean oldNullSafeValue = ctrl.isNullSafe();
+		
+		Object ret;
+		try {
+			ctrl.setNullSafe(true);
+			ret = left.eval(scope);
+		} finally {
+			ctrl.setNullSafe(oldNullSafeValue);
+		}
+		
+		return ret == null && right != null ? right.eval(scope) : ret;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/RangeArray.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * RangeArray : [expr .. expr]
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * 1：[1..3]
+ * 2：[3..1]
+ */
+public class RangeArray extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr start;
+	private Expr end;
+	
+	/**
+	 * array : '[' exprList ? | range ? ']'
+	 * exprList : expr (',' expr)*
+	 * range : expr .. expr
+	 */
+	public RangeArray(Expr start, Expr end, Location location) {
+		if (start == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The start value of range array can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (end == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The end value of range array can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.start = start;
+		this.end = end;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object startValue = start.eval(scope);
+		if ( !(startValue instanceof Integer) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The start value of range array must be Integer", location);
+		}
+		Object endValue = end.eval(scope);
+		if ( !(endValue instanceof Integer) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The end value of range array must be Integer", location);
+		}
+		
+		return new RangeList((Integer)startValue, (Integer)endValue, location);
+	}
+	
+	public static class RangeList extends AbstractList<Integer> {
+		
+		final int start;
+		final int size;
+		final int increment;
+		final Location location;
+		
+		public RangeList(int start, int end, Location location) {
+			this.start = start;
+			this.increment = start <= end ? 1 : -1;
+			this.size = Math.abs(end - start) + 1;
+			this.location = location;
+		}
+		
+		public Integer get(int index) {
+			if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+				throw new TemplateException("Index out of bounds. Index: " + index + ", Size: " + size, location);
+			}
+			return start + index * increment;
+		}
+		
+		public int size() {
+			return size;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.SharedMethodKit.SharedMethodInfo;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * SharedMethod
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * engine.addSharedMethod(object);
+ * engine.addSharedStaticMethod(Xxx.class);
+ * #(method(para))
+ */
+public class SharedMethod extends Expr {
+	
+	private SharedMethodKit sharedMethodKit;
+	private String methodName;
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public SharedMethod(SharedMethodKit sharedMethodKit, String methodName, ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (MethodKit.isForbiddenMethod(methodName)) {
+			throw new ParseException("Forbidden method: " + methodName, location); 
+		}
+		this.sharedMethodKit = sharedMethodKit;
+		this.methodName = methodName;
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
+		SharedMethodInfo sharedMethodInfo = sharedMethodKit.getSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argValues);
+		
+		// ShareMethod 相当于是固定的静态的方法，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
+		if (sharedMethodInfo == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Shared method not found: ", methodName, argValues), location);
+		}
+		try {
+			return sharedMethodInfo.invoke(argValues);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethodKit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
+
+/**
+ * SharedMethodKit
+ */
+public class SharedMethodKit {
+	
+	private static final Set<String> excludedMethodKey = new HashSet<String>();
+	
+	static {
+		Method[] methods = Object.class.getMethods();
+		for (Method method : methods) {
+			String key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
+			excludedMethodKey.add(key);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private final List<SharedMethodInfo> sharedMethodList = new ArrayList<SharedMethodInfo>();
+	private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SharedMethodInfo> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, SharedMethodInfo>();
+	
+	public SharedMethodInfo getSharedMethodInfo(String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
+		Class<?>[] argTypes = MethodKit.getArgTypes(argValues);
+		String key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, argTypes);
+		SharedMethodInfo method = methodCache.get(key);
+		if (method == null) {
+			method = doGetSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argTypes);
+			if (method != null) {
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
+			}
+			// shared method 不支持 null safe，不缓存: methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE)
+		}
+		return method;
+	}
+	
+	private SharedMethodInfo doGetSharedMethodInfo(String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+		for (SharedMethodInfo smi : sharedMethodList) {
+			if (smi.getName().equals(methodName)) {
+				Class<?>[] paraTypes = smi.getParameterTypes();
+				if (MethodKit.matchFixedArgTypes(paraTypes, argTypes)) {	// 无条件优先匹配固定参数方法
+					return smi;
+				}
+				if (smi.isVarArgs() && MethodKit.matchVarArgTypes(paraTypes, argTypes)) {
+					return smi;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	public void addSharedMethod(Object sharedMethodFromObject) {
+		addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromObject.getClass(), sharedMethodFromObject);
+	}
+	
+	public void addSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedMethodFromClass) {
+		addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromClass, ReflectKit.newInstance(sharedMethodFromClass));
+	}
+	
+	public void addSharedStaticMethod(Class<?> sharedStaticMethodFromClass) {
+		addSharedMethod(sharedStaticMethodFromClass, null);
+	}
+	
+	public void removeSharedMethod(String methodName) {
+		Iterator<SharedMethodInfo> it = sharedMethodList.iterator();
+		while(it.hasNext()) {
+			if (it.next().getName().equals(methodName)) {
+				it.remove();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void removeSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedClass) {
+		Iterator<SharedMethodInfo> it = sharedMethodList.iterator();
+		while(it.hasNext()) {
+			if (it.next().getClazz() == sharedClass) {
+				it.remove();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void removeSharedMethod(Method method) {
+		Iterator<SharedMethodInfo> it = sharedMethodList.iterator();
+		while(it.hasNext()) {
+			SharedMethodInfo current = it.next();
+			String methodName = method.getName();
+			if (current.getName().equals(methodName)) {
+				String key = getSharedMethodKey(methodName, method.getParameterTypes());
+				if (current.getKey().equals(key)) {
+					it.remove();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private synchronized void addSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedClass, Object target) {
+		if (MethodKit.isForbiddenClass(sharedClass)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Forbidden class: " + sharedClass.getName());
+		}
+		
+		Method[] methods = sharedClass.getMethods();
+		for (Method method : methods) {
+			String key = getSharedMethodKey(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
+			if (excludedMethodKey.contains(key)) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			for (SharedMethodInfo smi : sharedMethodList) {
+				if (smi.getKey().equals(key)) {
+					throw new RuntimeException("The shared method is already exists : " + smi.toString());
+				}
+			}
+			
+			if (target != null) {
+				sharedMethodList.add(new SharedMethodInfo(key, sharedClass, method, target));
+			} else if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) { 	// target 为 null 时添加 static method
+				sharedMethodList.add(new SharedMethodInfo(key, sharedClass, method, null));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private static String getSharedMethodKey(String methodName, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
+        StringBuilder key = new StringBuilder(64);
+        key.append(methodName);
+        if (argTypes != null && argTypes.length > 0) {
+        	MethodKit.createArgTypesDigest(argTypes, key);
+		}
+        return key.toString();
+    }
+	
+	static class SharedMethodInfo extends MethodInfo {
+		final Object target;
+		
+		private SharedMethodInfo(String key, Class<?> clazz, Method method, Object target) {
+			super(key, clazz, method);
+			this.target = target;
+		}
+		
+		public Object invoke(Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+			return super.invoke(target, args);
+		}
+		
+		Class<?> getClazz() {
+			return clazz;
+		}
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/StaticField.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/**
+ * StaticField : ID_list '::' ID
+ * 动态获取静态变量值，变量值改变时仍可正确获取
+ * 用法：com.jfinal.core.Const::JFINAL_VERSION
+ */
+public class StaticField extends Expr {
+	
+	private Class<?> clazz;
+	private String fieldName;
+	private Field field;
+	
+	public StaticField(String className, String fieldName, Location location) {
+		try {
+			this.clazz = Class.forName(className);
+			this.fieldName = fieldName;
+			this.field = clazz.getField(fieldName);
+			this.location = location;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		try {
+			return field.get(null);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return clazz.getName() + "::" + fieldName;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/StaticMethod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * StaticMethod : ID_list : '::' ID '(' exprList? ')'
+ * 用法： com.jfinal.kit.Str::isBlank("abc")
+ */
+public class StaticMethod extends Expr {
+	
+	private Class<?> clazz;
+	private String methodName;
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public StaticMethod(String className, String methodName, Location location) {
+		init(className, methodName, ExprList.NULL_EXPR_LIST, location);
+	}
+	
+	public StaticMethod(String className, String methodName, ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList == null || exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("exprList can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		init(className, methodName, exprList, location);
+	}
+	
+	private void init(String className, String methodName, ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		try {
+			this.clazz = Class.forName(className);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new ParseException("Class not found: " + className, location, e);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+		this.methodName = methodName;
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
+		MethodInfo methodInfo;
+		try {
+			methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(clazz, methodName, argValues);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+		
+		// StaticMethod 是固定的存在，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
+		if (methodInfo == null) {
+			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("public static method not found: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
+		}
+		if (!methodInfo.isStatic()) {
+			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Not public static method: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
+		}
+		
+		try {
+			return methodInfo.invoke(null, argValues);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Ternary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Ternary
+ */
+public class Ternary extends Expr {
+	
+	private Expr cond;
+	private Expr exprOne;
+	private Expr exprTwo;
+	
+	/**
+	 * cond ? exprOne : exprTwo
+	 */
+	public Ternary(Expr cond, Expr exprOne, Expr exprTwo, Location location) {
+		if (cond == null || exprOne == null || exprTwo == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of ternary expression can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.cond = cond;
+		this.exprOne = exprOne;
+		this.exprTwo = exprTwo;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		return Logic.isTrue(cond.eval(scope)) ? exprOne.eval(scope) : exprTwo.eval(scope);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Unary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * unary : ('!' | '+' | '-'| '++' | '--') expr
+ * 
+ * 只支持 +expr 与 -expr
+ * !expr、 ++expr、 --expr 分别由 Logic、IncDec 支持
+ */
+public class Unary extends Expr {
+	
+	private Sym op;
+	private Expr expr;
+	
+	public Unary(Sym op, Expr expr, Location location) {
+		if (expr == null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.op = op;
+		this.expr = expr;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * unary : ('!' | '+' | '-'| '++' | '--') expr
+	 */
+	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
+		Object value = expr.eval(scope);
+		if (value == null) {
+			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("The parameter of \"" + op.value() + "\" operator can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (! (value instanceof Number) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException(op.value() + " operator only support int long float double BigDecimal type", location);
+		}
+		
+		switch (op) {
+		case ADD:
+			return value;
+		case SUB:
+			Number n = (Number)value;
+			if (n instanceof Integer) {
+                return Integer.valueOf(-n.intValue());
+            }
+			if (n instanceof Long) {
+                return Long.valueOf(-n.longValue());
+            }
+			if (n instanceof Float) {
+                return Float.valueOf(-n.floatValue());
+            }
+			if (n instanceof Double) {
+                return Double.valueOf(-n.doubleValue());
+            }
+			if (n instanceof BigDecimal) {
+            	return ((BigDecimal)n).negate();
+			}
+            throw new TemplateException("Unsupported data type: " + n.getClass().getName(), location);
+		default :
+			throw new TemplateException("Unsupported operator: " + op.value(), location);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/DateDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * 不带参时，按默认 pattern 输出当前日期
+ * 
+ * #date() 指令支持无参时获取当前指令，第一个参数 string 当成是 pattern
+ * 
+ * 日期输出指令，第一个参数是被输出的 java.util.Date 对象或其子类对象
+ * 无第二个参数时按默认 patter 输出，第二个参数为 expr 表达式，表示 pattern
+ * 第二个为 date 时，表示当第一个为 null 时的默认值
+ */
+public class DateDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	private Expr valueExpr;
+	private Expr datePatternExpr;
+	private int paraNum;
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		this.paraNum = exprList.length();
+		if (paraNum > 2) {
+			throw new ParseException("Wrong number parameter of #date directive, two parameters allowed at most", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (paraNum == 0) {
+			this.valueExpr = null;
+			this.datePatternExpr = null;
+		} else if (paraNum == 1) {
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[0];
+			this.datePatternExpr = null;
+		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
+			this.valueExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[0];
+			this.datePatternExpr = exprList.getExprArray()[1];
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		if (paraNum == 0) {
+			outputToday(env, writer);
+		} else if (paraNum == 1) {
+			outputWithoutDatePattern(env, scope, writer);
+		} else if (paraNum == 2) {
+			outputWithDatePattern(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private void outputToday(Env env, Writer writer) {
+		Object value = format(new java.util.Date(), env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
+		write(writer, value.toString());
+	}
+	
+	private void outputWithoutDatePattern(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
+		if (value != null) {
+			value = format(value, env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
+			write(writer, value.toString());
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private void outputWithDatePattern(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
+		if (value == null) {
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		Object dp = this.datePatternExpr.eval(scope);
+		if ( !(dp instanceof String) ) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter dataPattern of #date directive must be String", location);
+		}
+		value = format(value, (String)dp);
+		write(writer, value.toString());
+	}
+	
+	private String format(Object value, String datePattern) {
+		try {
+			return new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern).format(value);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/EscapeDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Escape 对字符串进行转义
+ * 用法:
+ * #escape(value)
+ */
+public class EscapeDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object value = exprList.eval(scope);
+		if (value != null) {
+			write(writer, escape(value.toString()));
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// TODO 挪到 StrKit 中
+	private String escape(String str) {
+		if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
+			return str;
+		}
+		
+		int len = str.length();
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(len * 2);
+		for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			char cur = str.charAt(i);
+			switch (cur) {
+			case '<':
+				ret.append("&lt;");
+				break;
+			case '>':
+				ret.append("&gt;");
+				break;
+			case '\"':
+				ret.append("&quot;");
+				break;
+			case '\'':
+				ret.append("&apos;");	// IE 不支持 &apos; 考虑 &#39;
+				break;
+			case '&':
+				ret.append("&amp;");
+				break;
+			default:
+				ret.append(cur);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret.toString();
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/NowDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * 输出当前时间，默认考虑是输出时间，给 pattern 输出可能是 Date、DateTime、Timestamp
+ * 带 String 参数，表示 pattern
+ */
+public class NowDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	public void setExrpList(ExprList exprList) {
+		if (exprList.length() > 1) {
+			throw new ParseException("#now directive support one parameter only", location);	
+		}
+		super.setExprList(exprList);
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		String dataPattern;
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			dataPattern = env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern();
+		} else {
+			Object dp = exprList.eval(scope);
+			if (dp instanceof String) {
+				dataPattern = (String)dp;
+			} else {
+				throw new TemplateException("The parameter of #new directive must be String", location);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		try {
+			String value = new SimpleDateFormat(dataPattern).format(new java.util.Date());
+			write(writer, value);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RandomDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * 输出随机数
+ */
+public class RandomDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	private java.util.Random random = new java.util.Random();
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		write(writer, String.valueOf(random.nextInt()));
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RenderDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Include;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+
+/**
+ * #render 指令用于动态渲染子模板，作为 include 指令的补充
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 两种用法：
+ * 1：只传入一个参数，参数可以是 String 常量，也可以是任意表达式
+ *   #render("_hot.html")
+ *   #render(subFile)
+ *   
+ * 2：传入任意多个参数，除第一个参数以外的所有参数必须是赋值表达式，用于实现参数传递功能
+ *   #render("_hot.html", title = "热门新闻", list = newsList)
+ *   
+ *   上例中传递了 title、list 两个参数，可以代替父模板中的 #set 指令传参方式
+ *   并且此方式传入的参数只在子模板作用域有效，不会污染父模板作用域
+ *   
+ *   这种传参方式有利于将子模板模块化，例如上例的调用改成如下的参数：
+ *   #render("_hot.html", title = "热门项目", list = projectList)
+ *   通过这种传参方式在子模板 _hot.html 之中，完全不需要修改对于 title 与 list
+ *   这两个变量的处理代码，就实现了对 “热门项目” 数据的渲染
+ *   
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	private String parentFileName;
+	private Map<String, StatInfo> statInfoCache = new HashMap<String,StatInfo>();
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		int len = exprList.length();
+		if (len == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #render directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		if (len > 1) {
+			for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+				if (!(exprList.getExpr(i) instanceof Assign)) {
+					throw new ParseException("The " + i + "th parameter of #render directive must be an assignment expression", location);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		/**
+		 * 从 location 中获取父模板的 fileName，用于生成 subFileName
+		 * 如果是孙子模板，那么 parentFileName 为最顶层的模板，而非直接上层的模板
+		 */
+		this.parentFileName = location.getTemplateFile();
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 对 exprList 进行求值，并将第一个表达式的值作为模板名称返回，
+	 * 开启 local assignment 保障 #render 指令参数表达式列表
+	 * 中的赋值表达式在当前 scope 中进行，有利于模块化
+	 */
+	private Object evalAssignExpressionAndGetFileName(Scope scope) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		try {
+			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+			return exprList.evalExprList(scope)[0];
+		} finally {
+			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		// 在 exprList.eval(scope) 之前创建，使赋值表达式在本作用域内进行
+		scope = new Scope(scope);
+		
+		Object value = evalAssignExpressionAndGetFileName(scope);
+		if (!(value instanceof String)) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The parameter value of #render directive must be String", location);
+		}
+		
+		String subFileName = Include.getSubFileName((String)value, parentFileName);
+		StatInfo statInfo = statInfoCache.get(subFileName);
+		if (statInfo == null) {
+			statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
+			statInfoCache.put(subFileName, statInfo);
+		} else if (env.getEngineConfig().isDevMode()) {
+			// statInfo.env.isSourceListModified() 逻辑可以支持 #render 子模板中的 #include 过来的子模板在 devMode 下在修改后可被重加载
+			if (statInfo.source.isModified() || statInfo.env.isSourceListModified()) {
+				statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
+				statInfoCache.put(subFileName, statInfo);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		statInfo.stat.exec(statInfo.env, scope, writer);
+		scope.getCtrl().setJumpNone();
+	}
+	
+	private StatInfo parseStatInfo(Env env, String subFileName) {
+		EngineConfig config = env.getEngineConfig();
+		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		ISource fileSource = config.getSourceFactory().getSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		
+		try {
+			EnvSub envSub = new EnvSub(env);
+			Stat stat = new Parser(envSub, fileSource.getContent(), subFileName).parse();
+			return new StatInfo(envSub, stat, fileSource);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private static class StatInfo {
+		EnvSub env;
+		Stat stat;
+		ISource source;
+		
+		StatInfo(EnvSub env, Stat stat, ISource source) {
+			this.env = env;
+			this.stat = stat;
+			this.source = source;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * EnvSub 用于将子模板与父模板中的模板函数隔离开来，
+	 * 否则在子模板被修改并被重新解析时会再次添加子模板中的
+	 * 模板函数，从而抛出异常
+	 * 
+	 * EnvSub 也可以使子模板中定义的模板函数不与上层产生冲突，
+	 * 有利于动态型模板渲染的模块化
+	 * 
+	 * 注意： #render 子模板中定义的模板函数无法被上层调用
+	 */
+	private static class EnvSub extends Env {
+		Env parentEnv;
+		
+		public EnvSub(Env parentEnv) {
+			super(parentEnv.getEngineConfig());
+			this.parentEnv = parentEnv;
+		}
+		
+		/**
+		 * 接管父类 getFunction()，先从子模板中找模板函数，找不到再去父模板中找
+		 */
+		public Define getFunction(String functionName) {
+			Define func = functionMap.get(functionName);
+			return func != null ? func : parentEnv.getFunction(functionName);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/StringDirective.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.FastStringWriter;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Id;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * #string 指令方便定义大量的多行文本变量，这个是 java 语言中极为需要的功能
+ * 
+ * 定义：
+ * #string(name)
+ *    在此是大量的字符串
+ * #end
+ * 
+ * 使用：
+ * #(name)
+ */
+public class StringDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	private String name;
+	private boolean isLocalAssignment = false;
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		Expr[] exprArray = exprList.getExprArray();
+		if (exprArray.length == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("#string directive parameter cant not be null", location);
+		}
+		if (exprArray.length > 2) {
+			throw new ParseException("wrong number of #string directive parameter, two parameters allowed at most", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (!(exprArray[0] instanceof Id)) {
+			throw new ParseException("#string first parameter must be identifier", location);
+		}
+		this.name = ((Id)exprArray[0]).getId();
+		if (exprArray.length == 2) {
+			if (exprArray[1] instanceof Const) {
+				if (((Const)exprArray[1]).isBoolean()) {
+					this.isLocalAssignment = ((Const)exprArray[1]).getBoolean();
+				} else {
+					throw new ParseException("#string sencond parameter must be boolean", location);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		FastStringWriter fsw = new FastStringWriter();
+		stat.exec(env, scope, fsw);
+		
+		if (this.isLocalAssignment) {
+			scope.setLocal(name, fsw.toString());
+		} else {
+			scope.set(name, fsw.toString());
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * hasEnd() 方法返回 true 时，表示该指令拥有指令体以及 #end 结束块
+	 * 模板引擎在解析时会将 "指令体" 赋值到 stat 属性中，在 exec(...) 方法中
+	 * 可通过 stat.exec(...) 执行 "指令体" 内部的所有指令
+	 */
+	public boolean hasEnd() {
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/ByteExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Byte 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(value.toInt() == 123)
+ */
+public class ByteExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Byte self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Byte self) {
+		return self.intValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Byte self) {
+		return self.longValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Byte self) {
+		return self.floatValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Byte self) {
+		return self.doubleValue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/DoubleExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Double 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(value.toInt() == 123)
+ */
+public class DoubleExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Double self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Double self) {
+		return self.intValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Double self) {
+		return self.longValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Double self) {
+		return self.floatValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Double self) {
+		return self;
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/FloatExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Float 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(value.toInt() == 123)
+ */
+public class FloatExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Float self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Float self) {
+		return self.intValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Float self) {
+		return self.longValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Float self) {
+		return self;
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Float self) {
+		return self.doubleValue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/IntegerExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Integer 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 重要用途：
+ *     Controller.keepPara() 方法会将所有类型的数据当成 String 并传回到
+ *     到模板中，所以模板中的如下代码将无法工作：
+ *    	 #if(age > 18)
+ *      	 ....
+ *    	 #end
+ *    
+ *     以上代码，第一次渲染模板时，由于 age 为 int 类型，那么 if 语句中是正确的表达式，
+ *     当提交表单后在后端调用 keepPara() 以后 age 变成了 String 类型，表达式错误，
+ *     在有了扩展方法以后，解决办法如下：
+ *       #if(age.toInt() > 18)
+ *       	...
+ *       #end
+ *     如上所示，无论 age 是 String 还是 int 型，调用其 toInt() 方法将一直确保
+ *     age 为 int 类型
+ * 
+ *   以上用法，必须针对 String 与 Integer 同时扩展一个 toInt() 方法，模板表达式中的
+ *   变量为 String 或为 Integer 时都存在 toInt() 方法可供调用
+ * 
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(age.toInt() > 18)
+ */
+public class IntegerExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Integer self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Integer self) {
+		return self;
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Integer self) {
+		return self.longValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Integer self) {
+		return self.floatValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Integer self) {
+		return self.doubleValue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/LongExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Long 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(value.toInt() == 123)
+ */
+public class LongExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Long self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Long self) {
+		return self.intValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Long self) {
+		return self;
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Long self) {
+		return self.floatValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Long self) {
+		return self.doubleValue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/ShortExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.Short 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(value.toInt() == 123)
+ */
+public class ShortExt {
+	
+	public Boolean toBoolean(Short self) {
+		return self != 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(Short self) {
+		return self.intValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(Short self) {
+		return self.longValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(Short self) {
+		return self.floatValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(Short self) {
+		return self.doubleValue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/extensionmethod/StringExt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod;
+
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+
+/**
+ * 针对 java.lang.String 的扩展方法
+ * 
+ * 重要用途：
+ *     Controller.keepPara() 方法会将所有类型的数据当成 String 并传回到
+ *     到模板中，所以模板中的如下代码将无法工作：
+ *    	 #if(age > 18)
+ *      	 ....
+ *    	 #end
+ *    
+ *     以上代码，第一次渲染模板时，由于 age 为 int 类型，那么 if 语句中是正确的表达式，
+ *     当提交表单后在后端调用 keepPara() 以后 age 变成了 String 类型，表达式错误，
+ *     在有了扩展方法以后，解决办法如下：
+ *       #if(age.toInt() > 18)
+ *       	...
+ *       #end
+ *     如上所示，无论 age 是 String 还是 int 型，调用其 toInt() 方法将一直确保
+ *     age 为 int 类型
+ * 
+ *   以上用法，必须针对 String 与 Integer 同时扩展一个 toInt() 方法，模板表达式中的
+ *   变量为 String 或为 Integer 时都存在 toInt() 方法可供调用
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * #if(age.toInt() > 18)
+ */
+public class StringExt {
+	
+	/**
+	 * StringExt.toBoolean() 是数据类型转换，所以与 Logic.isTrue(String)
+	 * 中的逻辑不同，后者只要 String 值非 null 并且 length() > 0 即返回 true
+	 */
+	public Boolean toBoolean(String self) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(self)) {
+			return null;	// return Boolean.FALSE;
+		}
+		
+		String value = self.trim().toLowerCase();
+		if ("true".equals(value) || "1".equals(value)) {	// 未来考虑 "yes"、"on"
+			return Boolean.TRUE;
+		} else if ("false".equals(value) || "0".equals(value)) {
+			return Boolean.FALSE;
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("Can not parse to boolean type of value: \"" + self + "\"");
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public Integer toInt(String self) {
+		return StrKit.isBlank(self) ? null : Integer.parseInt(self);
+	}
+	
+	public Long toLong(String self) {
+		return StrKit.isBlank(self) ? null : Long.parseLong(self);
+	}
+	
+	public Float toFloat(String self) {
+		return StrKit.isBlank(self) ? null : Float.parseFloat(self);
+	}
+	
+	public Double toDouble(String self) {
+		return StrKit.isBlank(self) ? null : Double.parseDouble(self);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.spring;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView;
+
+/**
+ * JFinalView
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 关键设置：
+ * 1：setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8") 设置 content type 字符集为 UTF-8
+ * 
+ * 2：setExposeRequestAttributes(true) 设置将 request 中的属性值注入到 model 中去
+ *    便于在模板中使用 #(value) 访问 request.setAttribute(...) 进去的值
+ *    
+ * 3： setExposeSessionAttributes(true) 设置将 session 中的属性值注入到 model 中去
+ *    使用在模板中使用 #(value) 访问 session.setAttribute(...) 进去的值
+ * 
+ * 注意：JFinalViewResolver.setSessionInView(true) 中的配置与
+ *      JFinalView.setExposeSessionAttributes(true) 可实现
+ *      相似的功能，区别在于前者访问方式为 #(session.value) 而后者为
+ *      #(value)，两种配置只选其一
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class JFinalView extends AbstractTemplateView {
+	
+	@Override
+	protected void renderMergedTemplateModel(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
+		if (JFinalViewResolver.sessionInView) {
+			HttpSession hs = request.getSession(JFinalViewResolver.createSession);
+			if (hs != null) {
+				model.put("session", new InnerSession(hs));
+			}
+		}
+		
+		Writer writer = response.getWriter();
+		JFinalViewResolver.engine.getTemplate(getUrl()).render(model, writer);
+		writer.flush();
+	}
+}
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes", "deprecation"})
+class InnerSession extends HashMap<Object, Object> implements HttpSession {
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -8679493647540628009L;
+	private HttpSession session;
+	
+	public InnerSession(HttpSession session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
+	
+	// HashMap 相关方法处理 ----------------------------------------------------
+	/**
+	 * 覆盖 HashMap 的 put
+	 */
+	public Object put(Object name, Object value) {
+		session.setAttribute((String)name, value);
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 覆盖 HashMap 的 get
+	 */
+	public Object get(Object name) {
+		return session.getAttribute((String)name);
+	}
+	
+	// Session 相关方法处理 ----------------------------------------------------
+	public Object getAttribute(String key) {
+		return session.getAttribute(key);
+	}
+	
+	public Enumeration getAttributeNames() {
+		return session.getAttributeNames();
+	}
+	
+	public long getCreationTime() {
+		return session.getCreationTime();
+	}
+	
+	public String getId() {
+		return session.getId();
+	}
+	
+	public long getLastAccessedTime() {
+		return session.getLastAccessedTime();
+	}
+	
+	public int getMaxInactiveInterval() {
+		return session.getMaxInactiveInterval();
+	}
+	
+	public ServletContext getServletContext() {
+		return session.getServletContext();
+	}
+	
+	public javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext getSessionContext() {
+		return session.getSessionContext();
+	}
+	
+	public Object getValue(String key) {
+		return session.getValue(key);
+	}
+	
+	public String[] getValueNames() {
+		return session.getValueNames();
+	}
+	
+	public void invalidate() {
+		session.invalidate();
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isNew() {
+		return session.isNew();
+	}
+	
+	public void putValue(String key, Object value) {
+		session.putValue(key, value);
+	}
+	
+	public void removeAttribute(String key) {
+		session.removeAttribute(key);
+	}
+	
+	public void removeValue(String key) {
+		session.removeValue(key);
+	}
+	
+	public void setAttribute(String key, Object value) {
+		session.setAttribute(key, value);
+	}
+	
+	public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int maxInactiveInterval) {
+		session.setMaxInactiveInterval(maxInactiveInterval);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalViewResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.spring;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateViewResolver;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Engine;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ClassPathSourceFactory;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISourceFactory;
+
+/**
+ * JFinalViewResolver
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 关键配置：
+ * 1：setDevMode(true) 设置支持热加载模板文件
+ * 
+ * 2：addSharedFunction(file) 添加共享函数文件
+ * 
+ * 3：setSourceFactory(new ClassPathSourceFactory())，从 class path 与 jar 包中加载模板文件
+ *    一般用于 sprint boot
+ * 
+ * 4：setSessionInView(true) 设置在模板中可通过 #(session.value) 访问 session 中的数据
+ * 
+ * 5：setCreateSession(boolean) 用来设置 request.getSession(boolean) 调时的参数
+ * 
+ * 6：setBaseTemplatePath(path) 设置模板文件所在的基础路径，通常用于 spring mvc
+ *   默认值为 web 根路径，一般不需要设置
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class JFinalViewResolver extends AbstractTemplateViewResolver {
+	
+	public static final Engine engine = new Engine();
+	
+	static List<String> sharedFunctionFiles = new ArrayList<String>();
+	static boolean sessionInView = false;
+	static boolean createSession = true;
+	
+	public Engine getEngine() {
+		return engine;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置开发模式，值为 true 时支持模板文件热加载
+	 */
+	public void setDevMode(boolean devMode) {
+		engine.setDevMode(devMode);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 shared function 文件，多个文件用逗号分隔
+	 * 
+	 * 主要用于 Spring MVC 的 xml 配置方式
+	 * 
+	 * Spring Boot 的代码配置方式可使用 addSharedFunction(...) 进行配置
+	 */
+	public void setSharedFunction(String sharedFunctionFiles) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(sharedFunctionFiles)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("sharedFunctionFiles can not be blank");
+		}
+		
+		String[] fileArray = sharedFunctionFiles.split(",");
+		for (String fileName : fileArray) {
+			JFinalViewResolver.sharedFunctionFiles.add(fileName);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加 shared function 文件，可调用多次添加多个文件
+	 */
+	public void addSharedFunction(String fileName) {
+		// 等待 SourceFactory、baseTemplatePath 配置到位，利用 sharedFunctionFiles 实现延迟加载
+		sharedFunctionFiles.add(fileName);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加自定义指令
+	 */
+	public void addDirective(String directiveName, Directive directive) {
+		engine.addDirective(directiveName, directive);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加共享对象
+	 */
+	public void addSharedObject(String name, Object object) {
+		engine.addSharedObject(name, object);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加共享方法
+	 */
+	public void addSharedMethod(Object sharedMethodFromObject) {
+		engine.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromObject);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加共享方法
+	 */
+	public void addSharedMethod(Class<?> sharedMethodFromClass) {
+		engine.addSharedMethod(sharedMethodFromClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加扩展方法
+	 */
+	public static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Object objectOfExtensionClass) {
+		Engine.addExtensionMethod(targetClass, objectOfExtensionClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加扩展方法
+	 */
+	public static void addExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
+		Engine.addExtensionMethod(targetClass, extensionClass);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 ISourceFactory 用于为 engine 切换不同的 ISource 实现类
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 配置为 ClassPathSourceFactory 时特别注意：
+	 *    由于在 initServletContext() 通过如下方法中已设置了 baseTemplatePath 值：
+	 *        setBaseTemplatePath(servletContext.getRealPath("/"))
+	 *    
+	 *    而 ClassPathSourceFactory 在 initServletContext() 方法中设置的
+	 *    值之下不能工作，所以在本方法中通过如下方法清掉了该值：
+	 *         setBaseTemplatePath(null)
+	 *    
+	 *    这种处理方式适用于绝大部分场景，如果在使用 ClassPathSourceFactory 的同时
+	 *    仍然需要设置 baseTemplatePath，则在调用该方法 “之后” 通过如下代码再次配置：
+	 *         setBaseTemplatePath(value)
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+	public void setSourceFactory(ISourceFactory sourceFactory) {
+		if (sourceFactory instanceof ClassPathSourceFactory) {
+			engine.setBaseTemplatePath(null);
+		}
+		engine.setSourceFactory(sourceFactory);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置模板基础路径
+	 */
+	public void setBaseTemplatePath(String baseTemplatePath) {
+		engine.setBaseTemplatePath(baseTemplatePath);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置为 true 时支持在模板中使用 #(session.value) 形式访问 session 中的数据
+	 */
+	public void setSessionInView(boolean sessionInView) {
+		JFinalViewResolver.sessionInView = sessionInView;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 在使用 request.getSession(createSession) 时传入
+	 * 用来指示 session 不存在时是否立即创建
+	 */
+	public void setCreateSession(boolean createSession) {
+		JFinalViewResolver.createSession = createSession;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 encoding
+	 */
+	public void setEncoding(String encoding) {
+		engine.setEncoding(encoding);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置 #date(...) 指令，对于 Date、Timestamp、Time 的输出格式
+	 */
+	public void setDatePattern(String datePattern) {
+		engine.setDatePattern(datePattern);
+	}
+	
+	// ---------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	public JFinalViewResolver() {
+		setViewClass(requiredViewClass());
+		setOrder(0);
+		setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
+		// setPrefix("/view/");
+		// setSuffix(".html");
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	protected Class<?> requiredViewClass() {
+		return JFinalView.class;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * spring 回调，利用 ServletContext 做必要的初始化工作
+	 */
+	@Override
+	protected void initServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
+		super.initServletContext(servletContext);
+		
+		initBaseTemplatePath(servletContext);
+		initSharedFunction();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 初始化 baseTemplatePath 值，启用 ClassPathSourceFactory 时
+	 * 无需设置 baseTemplatePath 为 web 根路径
+	 */
+	private void initBaseTemplatePath(ServletContext servletContext) {
+		if (engine.getSourceFactory() instanceof ClassPathSourceFactory) {
+			// do nothing
+		} else {
+			if (StrKit.isBlank(engine.getBaseTemplatePath())) {
+				String path = servletContext.getRealPath("/");
+				engine.setBaseTemplatePath(path);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 利用 sharedFunctionFiles 延迟调用 addSharedFunction
+	 * 因为需要等待 baseTemplatePath 以及 ISourceFactory 设置完毕以后
+	 * 才能正常工作
+	 */
+	private void initSharedFunction() {
+		for (String file : sharedFunctionFiles) {
+			engine.addSharedFunction(file.trim());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ClassPathSource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.JarURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+
+/**
+ * ClassPathSource 用于从 class path 以及 jar 包之中加载模板内容
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 注意：
+ * 1：如果被加载的文件是 class path 中的普通文件，则该文件支持热加载
+ * 
+ * 2：如果被加载的文件处于 jar 包之中，则该文件不支持热加载，jar 包之中的文件在运行时通常不会被修改
+ *    在极少数情况下如果需要对 jar 包之中的模板文件进行热加载，可以通过继承 ClassPathSource
+ *    的方式进行扩展
+ * 
+ * 3：JFinal Template Engine 开启热加载需要配置 engine.setDevMode(true)
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class ClassPathSource implements ISource {
+	
+	protected String finalFileName;
+	protected String fileName;
+	protected String encoding;
+	
+	protected boolean isInJar;
+	protected long lastModified;
+	protected ClassLoader classLoader;
+	protected URL url;
+	
+	public ClassPathSource(String fileName) {
+		this(null, fileName, EngineConfig.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
+	}
+	
+	public ClassPathSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName) {
+		this(baseTemplatePath, fileName, EngineConfig.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
+	}
+	
+	public ClassPathSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName, String encoding) {
+		this.finalFileName = buildFinalFileName(baseTemplatePath, fileName);
+		this.fileName = fileName;
+		this.encoding= encoding;
+		this.classLoader = getClassLoader();
+		this.url = classLoader.getResource(finalFileName);
+		if (url == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("File not found : \"" + finalFileName + "\"");
+		}
+		
+		processIsInJarAndlastModified();
+	}
+	
+	protected void processIsInJarAndlastModified() {
+		try {
+			URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
+			if ("jar".equals(url.getProtocol()) || conn instanceof JarURLConnection) {
+				isInJar = true;
+				lastModified = -1;
+			} else {
+				isInJar = false;
+				lastModified = conn.getLastModified();
+			}
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
+		ClassLoader ret = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+		return ret != null ? ret : getClass().getClassLoader();
+	}
+	
+	protected String buildFinalFileName(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName) {
+		String finalFileName;
+		if (baseTemplatePath != null) {
+			char firstChar = fileName.charAt(0);
+			if (firstChar == '/' || firstChar == '\\') {
+				finalFileName = baseTemplatePath + fileName;
+			} else {
+				finalFileName = baseTemplatePath + "/" + fileName;
+			}
+		} else {
+			finalFileName = fileName;
+		}
+		
+		if (finalFileName.charAt(0) == '/') {
+			finalFileName = finalFileName.substring(1);
+		}
+		
+		return finalFileName;
+	}
+	
+	public String getKey() {
+		return fileName;
+	}
+	
+	public String getEncoding() {
+		return encoding;
+	}
+	
+	protected long getLastModified() {
+		try {
+			URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
+			return conn.getLastModified();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 模板文件在 jar 包文件之内则不支持热加载
+	 */
+	public boolean isModified() {
+		return isInJar ? false : lastModified != getLastModified();
+	}
+	
+	public StringBuilder getContent() {
+		// 与 FileSorce 不同，ClassPathSource 在构造方法中已经初始化了 lastModified
+		// 下面的代码可以去掉，在此仅为了避免继承类忘了在构造中初始化 lastModified 的防卫式代码
+		if (!isInJar) {		// 如果模板文件不在 jar 包文件之中，则需要更新 lastModified 值
+			lastModified = getLastModified();
+		}
+		
+		InputStream inputStream = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(finalFileName);
+		if (inputStream == null) {
+			throw new RuntimeException("File not found : \"" + finalFileName + "\"");
+		}
+		
+		return loadFile(inputStream, encoding);
+	}
+	
+	public static StringBuilder loadFile(InputStream inputStream, String encoding) {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
+		BufferedReader br = null;
+		try {
+			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, encoding));
+			// br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
+			String line = br.readLine();
+			if (line != null) {
+				ret.append(line);
+			} else {
+				return ret;
+			}
+			
+			while ((line=br.readLine()) != null) {
+				ret.append('\n').append(line);
+			}
+			return ret;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+		finally {
+			if (br != null) {
+				try {
+					br.close();
+				} catch (IOException e) {
+					// com.jfinal.kit.LogKit.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+					e.printStackTrace();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		sb.append("In Jar File: ").append(isInJar).append("\n");
+		sb.append("File name: ").append(fileName).append("\n");
+		sb.append("Final file name: ").append(finalFileName).append("\n");
+		sb.append("Last modified: ").append(lastModified).append("\n");
+		return sb.toString();
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+	protected File getFile(URL url) {
+		try {
+			// return new File(url.toURI().getSchemeSpecificPart());
+			return new File(url.toURI());
+		} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
+			// Fallback for URLs that are not valid URIs (should hardly ever happen).
+			return new File(url.getFile());
+		}
+	}
+*/
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ClassPathSourceFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+/**
+ * ClassPathSourceFactory 用于配置 Engine 使用 ClassPathSource 加载模板文件
+ * 
+ * 配置示例：
+ *    engine.baseTemplatePath(null);	// 清掉 base path
+ *    engine.setSourceFactory(new ClassPathSourceFactory());
+ */
+public class ClassPathSourceFactory implements ISourceFactory {
+	
+	public ISource getSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName, String encoding) {
+		return new ClassPathSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/FileSource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+
+/**
+ * FileSource 用于从普通文件中加载模板内容
+ */
+public class FileSource implements ISource {
+	
+	private String finalFileName;
+	private String fileName;
+	private String encoding;
+	
+	private long lastModified;
+	
+	public FileSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName, String encoding) {
+		this.finalFileName = buildFinalFileName(baseTemplatePath, fileName);
+		this.fileName = fileName;
+		this.encoding= encoding;
+	}
+	
+	public FileSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName) {
+		this(baseTemplatePath, fileName, EngineConfig.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isModified() {
+		return lastModified != new File(finalFileName).lastModified();
+	}
+	
+	public String getKey() {
+		return fileName;
+	}
+	
+	public String getEncoding() {
+		return encoding;
+	}
+	
+	public String getFinalFileName() {
+		return finalFileName;
+	}
+	
+	public String getFileName() {
+		return fileName;
+	}
+	
+	public StringBuilder getContent() {
+		File file = new File(finalFileName);
+		if (!file.exists()) {
+			throw new RuntimeException("File not found : " + finalFileName);
+		}
+		
+		// 极为重要，否则在开发模式下 isModified() 一直返回 true，缓存一直失效（原因是 lastModified 默认值为 0）
+		this.lastModified = file.lastModified();
+		
+		return loadFile(file, encoding);
+	}
+	
+	private String buildFinalFileName(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName) {
+		char firstChar = fileName.charAt(0);
+		String finalFileName;
+		if (firstChar == '/' || firstChar == '\\') {
+			finalFileName = baseTemplatePath + fileName;
+		} else {
+			finalFileName = baseTemplatePath + File.separator + fileName;
+		}
+		return finalFileName;
+	}
+	
+	public static StringBuilder loadFile(File file, String encoding) {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder((int)file.length() + 3);
+		BufferedReader br = null;
+		try {
+			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), encoding));
+			// br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
+			String line = br.readLine();
+			if (line != null) {
+				ret.append(line);
+			} else {
+				return ret;
+			}
+			
+			while ((line=br.readLine()) != null) {
+				ret.append('\n').append(line);
+			}
+			return ret;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+		finally {
+			if (br != null) {
+				try {
+					br.close();
+				} catch (IOException e) {
+					// com.jfinal.kit.LogKit.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+					e.printStackTrace();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		sb.append("File name: ").append(fileName).append("\n");
+		sb.append("Final file name: ").append(finalFileName).append("\n");
+		sb.append("Last modified: ").append(lastModified).append("\n");
+		return sb.toString();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/FileSourceFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+/**
+ * FileSourceFactory 用于配置 Engine 使用 FileSource 加载模板文件
+ * 
+ * 注意：
+ *    FileSourceFactory 为模板引擎默认配置
+ */
+public class FileSourceFactory implements ISourceFactory {
+	
+	public ISource getSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName, String encoding) {
+		return new FileSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ISource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+/**
+ * ISource 用于表示模板内容的来源
+ */
+public interface ISource {
+	
+	/**
+	 * reload template if modified on devMode
+	 */
+	boolean isModified();
+	
+	/**
+	 * key used to cache, return null if do not cache the template
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：如果不希望缓存从该 ISource 解析出来的 Template 对象
+	 *      让 getKey() 返回 null 值即可  
+	 */
+	String getKey();
+	
+	/**
+	 * content of ISource
+	 */
+	StringBuilder getContent();
+	
+	/**
+	 * encoding of content
+	 */
+	String getEncoding();
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ISourceFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+/**
+ * ISourceFactory 用于为 engine 切换不同的 ISource 实现类
+ * 
+ * FileSourceFactory 用于从指定的目录中加载模板文件
+ * ClassPathSourceFactory 用于从 class path 以及 jar 文件中加载模板文件
+ * 
+ * 配置示例：
+ * engine.setSourceFactory(new ClassPathSourceFactory());
+ */
+public interface ISourceFactory {
+	ISource getSource(String baseTemplatePath, String fileName, String encoding);
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/StringSource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.source;
+
+import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+
+/**
+ * StringSource 用于从 String 变量中加载模板内容
+ */
+public class StringSource implements ISource {
+	
+	private String key;
+	private StringBuilder content;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构造 StringSource
+	 * @param content 模板内容
+	 * @param cache true 则缓存 Template，否则不缓存
+	 */
+	public StringSource(String content, boolean cache) {
+		if (StrKit.isBlank(content)) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("content can not be blank");
+		}
+		this.content = new StringBuilder(content);
+		this.key = cache ? HashKit.md5(content) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 key 值赋为 null 即可
+	}
+	
+	public StringSource(StringBuilder content, boolean cache) {
+		if (content == null || content.length() == 0) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("content can not be blank");
+		}
+		this.content = content;
+		this.key = cache ? HashKit.md5(content.toString()) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 key 值赋为 null 即可
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isModified() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	public String getKey() {
+		return key;
+	}
+	
+	public StringBuilder getContent() {
+		return content;
+	}
+	
+	public String getEncoding() {
+		return EngineConfig.DEFAULT_ENCODING;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		sb.append("Key : ").append(key).append("\n");
+		sb.append("Content : ").append(content).append("\n");
+		return sb.toString();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/CharTable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * CharTable 空间换时间优化字符判断性能
+ * 负值参数强转 char 会自动变正值，无需判断负值数组下标
+ * isLetter(EOF) 不会下标越界
+ */
+public class CharTable {
+	
+	private static final char[] letterChars = buildLetterChars();
+	private static final char[] letterOrDigitChars = buildLetterOrDigitChars();
+	private static final char[] exprChars = buildExprChars();
+	private static final char NULL = 0;
+	private static final char SIZE = 128;
+	private CharTable(){}
+	
+	private static char[] createCharArray() {
+		char[] ret = new char[SIZE];
+		for (char i=0; i<SIZE; i++) {
+			ret[i] = NULL;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private static char[] buildLetterChars() {
+		char[] ret = createCharArray();
+		for (char i='a'; i<='z'; i++) {
+			ret[i] = i;
+		}
+		for (char i='A'; i<='Z'; i++) {
+			ret[i] = i;
+		}
+		ret['_'] = '_';			// 包含下划线字符 '_'
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private static char[] buildLetterOrDigitChars() {
+		char[] ret = buildLetterChars();
+		for (char i='0'; i<='9'; i++) {
+			ret[i] = i;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private static char[] buildExprChars() {
+		char[] ret = createCharArray();
+		ret['\t'] = '\t';
+		ret['\n'] = '\n';
+		ret['\r'] = '\r';
+		for (char i=' '; i<='}'; i++) {
+			ret[i] = i;
+		}
+		
+		ret['#'] = NULL;
+		ret['$'] = NULL;
+		ret['@'] = NULL;
+		ret['\\'] = NULL;
+		ret['^'] = NULL;
+		ret['`'] = NULL;
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isLetter(char c) {
+		return c < SIZE && letterChars[c] != NULL;
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char c) {
+		return c < SIZE && letterOrDigitChars[c] != NULL;
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isExprChar(char c) {
+		return c < SIZE && exprChars[c] != NULL;
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isDigit(char c) {
+		return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isBlank(char c) {
+		return c == ' ' || c == '\t';								// \t\r\u000C
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isBlankOrLineFeed(char c) {
+		return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n';		// \t\r\n\u000C
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isHexadecimalDigit(char c) {
+		return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f');
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean isOctalDigit(char c) {
+		return c >= '0' && c <= '7';
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Ctrl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * Ctrl
+ * 
+ * 封装 AST 执行过程中的控制状态，避免使用 Scope.data 保存控制状态
+ * 从而污染用户空间数据，目前仅用于 nullSafe、break、continue、return 控制
+ * 未来可根据需求引入更多控制状态
+ */
+public class Ctrl {
+	
+	private static final int JUMP_NONE = 0;
+	private static final int JUMP_BREAK = 1;
+	private static final int JUMP_CONTINUE = 2;
+	private static final int JUMP_RETURN = 3;
+	
+	private static final int WISDOM_ASSIGNMENT = 0;
+	private static final int LOCAL_ASSIGNMENT = 1;
+	private static final int GLOBAL_ASSIGNMENT = 2;
+	
+	private int jump = JUMP_NONE;
+	private int assignmentType = WISDOM_ASSIGNMENT;
+	private boolean nullSafe = false;
+	
+	public boolean isJump() {
+		return jump != JUMP_NONE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean notJump() {
+		return jump == JUMP_NONE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isBreak() {
+		return jump == JUMP_BREAK;
+	}
+	
+	public void setBreak() {
+		jump = JUMP_BREAK;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isContinue() {
+		return jump == JUMP_CONTINUE;
+	}
+	
+	public void setContinue() {
+		jump = JUMP_CONTINUE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isReturn() {
+		return jump == JUMP_RETURN;
+	}
+	
+	public void setReturn() {
+		jump = JUMP_RETURN;
+	}
+	
+	public void setJumpNone() {
+		jump = JUMP_NONE;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isWisdomAssignment() {
+		return assignmentType == WISDOM_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public void setWisdomAssignment() {
+		assignmentType = WISDOM_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isLocalAssignment() {
+		return assignmentType == LOCAL_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public void setLocalAssignment() {
+		assignmentType = LOCAL_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isGlobalAssignment() {
+		return assignmentType == GLOBAL_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public void setGlobalAssignment() {
+		assignmentType = GLOBAL_ASSIGNMENT;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isNullSafe() {
+		return nullSafe;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean notNullSafe() {
+		return !nullSafe;
+	}
+	
+	public void setNullSafe(boolean nullSafe) {
+		this.nullSafe = nullSafe;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Lexer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * DKFF(Dynamic Key Feature Forward) Lexer
+ */
+class Lexer {
+	
+	static final char EOF = (char)-1;
+	static final int TEXT_STATE_DIAGRAM = 999;
+	
+	char[] buf;
+	int state = 0;
+	int lexemeBegin = 0;
+	int forward = 0;
+	int beginRow = 1;
+	int forwardRow = 1;
+	TextToken previousTextToken = null;
+	
+	List<Token> tokens = new ArrayList<Token>();
+	String fileName;
+	
+	public Lexer(StringBuilder content, String fileName) {
+		int len = content.length();
+		buf = new char[len + 1];
+		content.getChars(0, content.length(), buf, 0);
+		buf[len] = EOF;
+		this.fileName = fileName;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 进入每个扫描方法之前 peek() 处于可用状态，不需要 next()
+	 * 每个扫描方法内部是否要 next() 移动，取决定具体情况
+	 * 每个扫描方法成功返回前，将 forward 置于下一次扫描需要处理的地方
+	 * 让下个扫描方法不必 next()
+	 * 紧靠 scanText() 之前的扫描方法在失败后必须保持住forward
+	 * 这是 scanText() 可以一直向前的保障 
+	 */
+	public List<Token> scan() {
+		while (peek() != EOF) {
+			if (peek() == '#') {
+				if (scanDire()) {
+					continue ;
+				}
+				if (scanSingleLineComment()) {
+					continue ;
+				}
+				if (scanMultiLineComment()) {
+					continue ;
+				}
+				if (scanNoParse()) {
+					continue ;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			scanText();
+		}
+		return tokens;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 指令模式与解析规则
+	 * 1：指令 pattern
+	 *   #(p)
+	 *   #id(p)
+	 *   #define id(p)
+	 *   #@id(p) / #@id?(p)
+	 *   #else / #end
+	 *   
+	 * 2：关键字类型指令在获取到关键字以后，必须要正确解析出后续内容，否则抛异常
+	 * 
+	 * 3：非关键字类型指令只有在本行内出现 # id ( 三个序列以后，才要求正确解析出后续内容
+	 *    否则当成普通文本 
+	 */
+	boolean scanDire() {
+		String id = null;
+		StringBuilder para = null;
+		Token idToken = null;
+		Token paraToken = null;
+		while(true) {
+			switch (state) {
+			case 0:
+				if (peek() == '#') {					// #
+					next();
+					skipBlanks();
+					state = 1;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				return fail();
+			case 1:
+				if (peek() == '(') {					// # (
+					para = scanPara("");
+					idToken = new Token(Symbol.OUTPUT, beginRow);
+					paraToken = new ParaToken(para, beginRow);
+					return addOutputToken(idToken, paraToken);
+				}
+				if (CharTable.isLetter(peek())) {		// # id
+					state = 10;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				if (peek() == '@') {					// # @
+					next();
+					skipBlanks();
+					if (CharTable.isLetter(peek())) {	// # @ id
+						state = 20;
+						continue ;
+					}
+				}
+				return fail();
+			// -----------------------------------------------------
+			case 10:	// # id
+				id = scanId();
+				Symbol symbol = Symbol.getKeywordSym(id);
+				// 非关键字指令
+				if (symbol == null) {
+					state = 11;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				
+				// define 指令
+				if (symbol == Symbol.DEFINE) {
+					state = 12;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				
+				// 无参关键字指令
+				if (symbol.noPara()) {
+					return addNoParaToken(new Token(symbol, id, beginRow));
+				}
+				
+				// 有参关键字指令
+				skipBlanks();
+				if (peek() == '(') {
+					para = scanPara(id);
+					idToken = new Token(symbol, beginRow);
+					paraToken = new ParaToken(para, beginRow);
+					return addIdParaToken(idToken, paraToken);
+				}
+				throw new ParseException("#" + id + " directive requires parentheses \"()\"", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+			case 11: 	// 用户自定义指令必须有参数
+				skipBlanks();
+				if (peek() == '(') {
+					para = scanPara(id);
+					idToken = new Token(Symbol.ID, id, beginRow);
+					paraToken = new ParaToken(para, beginRow);
+					return addIdParaToken(idToken, paraToken);
+				}
+				return fail();	// 用户自定义指令在没有左括号的情况下当作普通文本
+			case 12:			// 处理 "# define id (para)" 指令
+				skipBlanks();
+				if (CharTable.isLetter(peek())) {
+					id = scanId();	// 模板函数名称
+					skipBlanks();
+					if (peek() == '(') {
+						para = scanPara("define " + id);
+						idToken = new Token(Symbol.DEFINE, id, beginRow);
+						paraToken = new ParaToken(para, beginRow);
+						return addIdParaToken(idToken, paraToken);
+					}
+					throw new ParseException("#define " + id + " : template function definition requires parentheses \"()\"", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+				}
+				throw new ParseException("#define directive requires identifier as a function name", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+			case 20:	// # @ id
+				id = scanId();
+				skipBlanks();
+				boolean hasQuestionMark = peek() == '?';
+				if (hasQuestionMark) {
+					next();
+					skipBlanks();
+				}
+				if (peek() == '(') {
+					para = scanPara(hasQuestionMark ? "@" + id + "?" : "@" + id);
+					idToken = new Token(hasQuestionMark ? Symbol.CALL_IF_DEFINED : Symbol.CALL, id, beginRow);
+					paraToken = new ParaToken(para, beginRow);
+					return addIdParaToken(idToken, paraToken);
+				}
+				return fail();
+			default :
+				return fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 调用者已确定以字母或下划线开头，故一定可以获取到 id值
+	 */
+	String scanId() {
+		int idStart = forward;
+		while (CharTable.isLetterOrDigit(next())) {
+			;
+		}
+		return subBuf(idStart, forward - 1).toString();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 扫描指令参数，成功则返回，否则抛出词法分析异常
+	 */
+	StringBuilder scanPara(String id) {
+		char quotes = '"';
+		int localState = 0;
+		int parenDepth = 1;	// 指令后面参数的第一个 '(' 深度为 1
+		next();
+		int paraStart = forward;
+		while (true) {
+			switch (localState) {
+			case 0:
+				for (char c=peek(); true; c=next()) {
+					if (c == ')') {
+						parenDepth--;
+						if (parenDepth == 0) {	// parenDepth 不可能小于0，因为初始值为 1
+							next();
+							return subBuf(paraStart, forward - 2);
+						}
+						continue ;
+					}
+					
+					if (c == '(') {
+						parenDepth++;
+						continue ;
+					}
+					
+					if (c == '"' || c == '\'') {
+						quotes = c;
+						localState = 1;
+						break ;
+					}
+					
+					if (CharTable.isExprChar(c)) {
+						continue ;
+					}
+					
+					if (c == EOF) {
+						throw new ParseException("#" + id + " parameter can not match the end char ')'", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+					}
+					
+					throw new ParseException("#" + id + " parameter exists illegal char: '" + c + "'", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+				}
+				break ;
+			case 1:
+				for (char c=next(); true; c=next()) {
+					if (c == quotes) {
+						if (buf[forward - 1] != '\\') {	// 前一个字符不是转义字符
+							next();
+							localState = 0;
+							break ;
+						} else {
+							continue ;
+						}
+					}
+					
+					if (c == EOF) {
+						throw new ParseException("#" + id + " parameter error, the string parameter not ending", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+					}
+				}
+				break ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 单行注释，开始状态 100，关注换行与 EOF
+	 */
+	boolean scanSingleLineComment() {
+		while (true) {
+			switch (state) {
+			case 100:
+				if (peek() == '#' && next() == '#' && next() == '#') {
+					state = 101;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				return fail();
+			case 101:
+				for (char c=next(); true; c=next()) {
+					if (c == '\n') {
+						if (deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails()) {
+							return prepareNextScan(1);
+						} else {
+							return prepareNextScan(0);
+						}
+					}
+					if (c == EOF) {
+						deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails();
+						return prepareNextScan(0);
+					}
+				}
+			default :
+				return fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 多行注释，开始状态 200，关注结尾标记与 EOF
+	 */
+	boolean scanMultiLineComment() {
+		while (true) {
+			switch (state) {
+			case 200:
+				if (peek() == '#' && next() == '-' && next() == '-') {
+					state = 201;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				return fail();
+			case 201:
+				for (char c=next(); true; c=next()) {
+					if (c == '-' && buf[forward + 1] == '-' && buf[forward + 2] == '#') {
+						forward = forward + 3;
+						if (lookForwardLineFeedAndEof() && deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails()) {
+							return prepareNextScan(peek() != EOF ? 1 : 0);
+						} else {
+							return prepareNextScan(0);
+						}
+					}
+					if (c == EOF) {
+						throw new ParseException("The multiline comment start block \"#--\" can not match the end block: \"--#\"", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+					}
+				}
+			default :
+				return fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 非解析块，开始状态 300，关注结尾标记与 EOF
+	 */
+	boolean scanNoParse() {
+		while (true) {
+			switch (state) {
+			case 300:
+				if (peek() == '#' && next() == '[' && next() == '[') {
+					state = 301;
+					continue ;
+				}
+				return fail();
+			case 301:
+				for (char c=next(); true; c=next()) {
+					if (c == ']' && buf[forward + 1] == ']' && buf[forward + 2] == '#') {
+						addTextToken(subBuf(lexemeBegin + 3, forward - 1));	// NoParse 块使用 TextToken
+						return prepareNextScan(3);
+					}
+					if (c == EOF) {
+						throw new ParseException("The \"no parse\" start block \"#[[\" can not match the end block: \"]]#\"", new Location(fileName, beginRow));
+					}
+				}
+			default :
+				return fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	boolean scanText() {
+		for (char c=peek(); true; c=next()) {
+			if (c == '#' || c == EOF) {
+				addTextToken(subBuf(lexemeBegin, forward - 1));
+				return prepareNextScan(0);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	boolean fail() {
+		if (state < 300) {
+			forward = lexemeBegin;
+			forwardRow = beginRow;
+		}
+		if (state < 100) {
+			state = 100;
+		} else if (state < 200) {
+			state = 200;
+		} else if (state < 300) {
+			state = 300;
+		} else {
+			state = TEXT_STATE_DIAGRAM;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	char next() {
+		if (buf[forward] == '\n') {
+			forwardRow++;
+		}
+		return buf[++forward];
+	}
+	
+	char peek() {
+		return buf[forward];
+	}
+	
+	void skipBlanks() {
+		while(CharTable.isBlank(buf[forward])) {
+			next();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * scanPara 与 scanNoParse 存在 start > end 的情况
+	 */
+	StringBuilder subBuf(int start, int end) {
+		if (start > end) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(end - start + 1);
+		for (int i=start; i<=end; i++) {
+			ret.append(buf[i]);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	boolean prepareNextScan(int moveForward) {
+		for (int i=0; i<moveForward; i++) {
+			next();
+		}
+		
+		state = 0;
+		lexemeBegin = forward;
+		beginRow = forwardRow;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	void addTextToken(StringBuilder text) {
+		if (text == null || text.length() == 0) {
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		if (previousTextToken != null) {
+			previousTextToken.append(text);
+		} else {
+			previousTextToken = new TextToken(text, beginRow);
+			tokens.add(previousTextToken);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 输出指令不对前后空白与换行进行任何处理，直接调用 tokens.add(...)
+	boolean addOutputToken(Token idToken, Token paraToken) {
+		tokens.add(idToken);
+		tokens.add(paraToken);
+		previousTextToken = null;
+		return prepareNextScan(0);
+	}
+	
+	// 向前看后续是否跟随的是空白 + 换行或者是空白 + EOF，是则表示当前指令后续没有其它有用内容
+	boolean lookForwardLineFeedAndEof() {
+		int forwardBak = forward;
+		int forwardRowBak = forwardRow;
+		for (char c=peek(); true; c=next()) {
+			if (CharTable.isBlank(c)) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			if (c == '\n' || c == EOF) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			forward = forwardBak;
+			forwardRow = forwardRowBak;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 带参指令处于独立行时删除前后空白字符，并且再删除一个后续的换行符
+	 * 处于独立行是指：向前看无有用内容，在前面情况成立的基础之上
+	 *             再向后看如果也无可用内容，前一个条件成立才开执行后续动作
+	 * 
+	 * 向前看时 forward 在移动，意味着正在删除空白字符(通过 lookForwardLineFeed()方法)
+	 * 向后看时也会在碰到空白 + '\n' 时删空白字符 (通过 deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails()方法)
+	 */
+	boolean addIdParaToken(Token idToken, Token paraToken) {
+		tokens.add(idToken);
+		tokens.add(paraToken);
+		
+		// if (lookForwardLineFeed() && (deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails() || lexemeBegin == 0)) {
+		if (lookForwardLineFeedAndEof() && deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails()) {
+			prepareNextScan(peek() != EOF ? 1 : 0);
+		} else {
+			prepareNextScan(0);
+		}
+		previousTextToken = null;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	// 处理前后空白的逻辑与 addIdParaToken() 基本一样，仅仅多了一个对于紧随空白的 next() 操作
+	boolean addNoParaToken(Token noParaToken) {
+		tokens.add(noParaToken);
+		if (CharTable.isBlank(peek())) {
+			next();	// 无参指令之后紧随的一个空白字符仅为分隔符，不参与后续扫描
+		}
+		
+		if (lookForwardLineFeedAndEof() && deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails()) {
+			prepareNextScan(peek() != EOF ? 1 : 0);
+		} else {
+			prepareNextScan(0);
+		}
+		previousTextToken = null;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 1：当前指令前方仍然是指令 (previousTextToken 为 null)，直接返回 true
+	 * 2：当前指令前方为 TextToken 时的处理逻辑与返回值完全依赖于 TextToken.deleteBlankTails()
+	 */
+	boolean deletePreviousTextTokenBlankTails() {
+		// return previousTextToken != null ? previousTextToken.deleteBlankTails() : false;
+		return previousTextToken == null || previousTextToken.deleteBlankTails();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Location.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * Location
+ * 生成异常发生的位置消息
+ */
+public class Location {
+	
+	private String templateFile;
+	private int row;
+	private String msg;
+	
+	public Location(String templateFile, int row) {
+		this.templateFile = templateFile;
+		this.row = row;
+		this.msg = null;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		if (msg == null) {
+			StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+			if (templateFile != null) {
+				buf.append("\nTemplate: \"").append(templateFile).append("\". Line: ").append(row);
+			} else {
+				buf.append("\nString template line: ").append(row);
+			}
+			msg = buf.toString();
+		}
+		return msg;
+	}
+	
+	public String getTemplateFile() {
+		return templateFile;
+	}
+	
+	public int getRow() {
+		return row;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ParaToken.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * ParaToken
+ */
+public class ParaToken extends Token {
+	
+	// 接管父类的 value，content 可能为 null
+	private StringBuilder content;
+	
+	public ParaToken(StringBuilder content, int row) {
+		super(Symbol.PARA, row);
+		this.content = content;
+	}
+	
+	public String value() {
+		return content.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public StringBuilder getContent() {
+		return content;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return content != null ? content.toString() : "null";
+	}
+	
+	public void print() {
+		System.out.print("[");
+		System.out.print(row);
+		System.out.print(", PARA, ");
+		System.out.print(toString());
+		System.out.println("]");
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ParseException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * ParseException
+ * 词法、语法错误
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class ParseException extends RuntimeException {
+	
+	public ParseException(String msg, Location loc) {
+		super(loc != null ? msg + loc : msg);
+	}
+	
+	public ParseException(String msg, Location loc, Throwable t) {
+		super(loc != null ? msg + loc : msg, t);
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Parser.java

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ExprParser;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Symbol;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Break;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Call;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Continue;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Else;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.ElseIf;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.For;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.If;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Include;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Return;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Set;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.SetGlobal;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.SetLocal;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.StatList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Text;
+
+/**
+ * DLRD (Double Layer Recursive Descent) Parser
+ */
+public class Parser {
+	
+	private static final Token EOF = new Token(Symbol.EOF, -1);
+	
+	private int forward = 0;
+	private List<Token> tokenList;
+	private StringBuilder content;
+	private String fileName;
+	private Env env;
+	
+	public Parser(Env env, StringBuilder content, String fileName) {
+		this.env = env;
+		this.content = content;
+		this.fileName = fileName;
+	}
+	
+	private Token peek() {
+		return tokenList.get(forward);
+	}
+	
+	private Token move() {
+		return tokenList.get(++forward);
+	}
+	
+	private Token matchPara(Token name) {
+		Token current = peek();
+		if (current.symbol == Symbol.PARA) {
+			move();
+			return current;
+		}
+		throw new ParseException("Can not match the parameter of directive #" + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
+	}
+	
+	private void matchEnd(Token name) {
+		if (peek().symbol == Symbol.END) {
+			move();
+			return ;
+		}
+		throw new ParseException("Can not match the #end of directive #" + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
+	}
+	
+	public Stat parse() {
+		tokenList = new Lexer(content, fileName).scan();
+		tokenList.add(EOF);
+		Stat statList = statList();
+		if (peek() != EOF) {
+			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match " + peek().value(), getLocation(peek().row));
+		}
+		return statList;
+	}
+	
+	private StatList statList() {
+		List<Stat> statList = new ArrayList<Stat>();
+		while (true) {
+			Stat stat = stat();
+			if (stat == null) {
+				break ;
+			}
+			
+			if (stat instanceof Define) {
+				env.addFunction((Define)stat);
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			// 过滤内容为空的 Text 节点，通常是处于两个指令之间的空白字符被移除以后的结果，详见 TextToken.deleteBlankTails()
+			if (stat instanceof Text && ((Text)stat).isEmpty()) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			statList.add(stat);
+		}
+		return new StatList(statList);
+	}
+	
+	private Stat stat() {
+		Token name = peek();
+		switch (name.symbol) {
+		case TEXT:
+			move();
+			return new Text(((TextToken)name).getContent()).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+		case OUTPUT:
+			move();
+			Token para = matchPara(name);
+			Location loc = getLocation(name.row);
+			return env.getEngineConfig().getOutputDirective(parseExprList(para), loc).setLocation(loc);
+		case INCLUDE:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new Include(env, parseExprList(para), fileName, getLocation(name.row));
+		case FOR:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			StatList statList = statList();
+			Stat _else = null;
+			if (peek().symbol == Symbol.ELSE) {
+				move();
+				StatList elseStats = statList();
+				_else = new Else(elseStats);
+			}
+			matchEnd(name);
+			return new For(parseForCtrl(para), statList, _else).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+		case IF:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			statList = statList();
+			Stat ret = new If(parseExprList(para), statList, getLocation(name.row));
+			
+			Stat current = ret;
+			for (Token elseIfToken=peek(); elseIfToken.symbol == Symbol.ELSEIF; elseIfToken=peek()) {
+				move();
+				para = matchPara(elseIfToken);
+				statList = statList();
+				Stat elseIf = new ElseIf(parseExprList(para), statList, getLocation(elseIfToken.row));
+				current.setStat(elseIf);
+				current = elseIf;
+			}
+			if (peek().symbol == Symbol.ELSE) {
+				move();
+				statList = statList();
+				_else = new Else(statList);
+				current.setStat(_else);
+			}
+			matchEnd(name);
+			return ret;
+		case DEFINE:
+			String functionName = name.value();
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			Stat stat = statList();
+			matchEnd(name);
+			return new Define(functionName, parseExprList(para), stat, getLocation(name.row));
+		case CALL:
+			functionName = name.value();
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new Call(functionName, parseExprList(para), false).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+		case CALL_IF_DEFINED:
+			functionName = name.value();
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new Call(functionName, parseExprList(para), true).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+		case SET:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new Set(parseExprList(para), getLocation(name.row));
+		case SET_LOCAL:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new SetLocal(parseExprList(para), getLocation(name.row));
+		case SET_GLOBAL:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			return new SetGlobal(parseExprList(para), getLocation(name.row));
+		case CONTINUE:
+			move();
+			return Continue.me;
+		case BREAK:
+			move();
+			return Break.me;
+		case RETURN:
+			move();
+			return Return.me;
+		case ID:
+			Stat dire = env.getEngineConfig().getDirective(name.value());
+			if (dire == null) {
+				throw new ParseException("Directive not found: #" + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
+			}
+			ret = createDirective(dire, name).setLocation(getLocation(name.row));
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			ret.setExprList(parseExprList(para));
+			
+			if (dire.hasEnd()) {
+				statList = statList();
+				ret.setStat(statList);
+				matchEnd(name);
+			}
+			return ret;
+		case PARA:
+		case ELSEIF:
+		case ELSE:
+		case END:
+		case EOF:
+			return null;
+		default :
+			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match the token: " + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private Location getLocation(int row) {
+		return new Location(fileName, row);
+	}
+	
+	private Stat createDirective(Stat dire, Token name) {
+		try {
+			return dire.getClass().newInstance();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), getLocation(name.row), e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private ExprList parseExprList(Token paraToken) {
+		return new ExprParser((ParaToken)paraToken, env.getEngineConfig(), fileName).parseExprList();
+	}
+	
+	private ForCtrl parseForCtrl(Token paraToken) {
+		return new ExprParser((ParaToken)paraToken, env.getEngineConfig(), fileName).parseForCtrl();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Scope.java

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Scope
+ * 1：顶层 scope.parent 为 null
+ * 2：scope.set(...) 自内向外查找赋值
+ * 3：scope.get(...) 自内向外查找获取
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class Scope {
+	
+	private final Scope parent;
+	private final Ctrl ctrl;
+	private Map data;
+	private Map<String, Object> sharedObjectMap;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构建顶层 Scope， parent 为 null 是顶层 Scope 的标志
+	 * @param data 用于在模板中使用的数据，data 支持 null 值
+	 * @param sharedObjectMap 共享对象
+	 */
+	public Scope(Map data, Map<String, Object> sharedObjectMap) {
+		this.parent = null;
+		this.ctrl = new Ctrl();
+		this.data = data;
+		this.sharedObjectMap = sharedObjectMap;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 构建 AST 执行过程中作用域栈
+	 */
+	public Scope(Scope parent) {
+		if (parent == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("parent can not be null.");
+		}
+		this.parent = parent;
+		this.ctrl = parent.ctrl;
+		this.data = null;
+		this.sharedObjectMap = parent.sharedObjectMap;
+	}
+	
+	public Ctrl getCtrl() {
+		return ctrl;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置变量
+	 * 自内向外在作用域栈中查找变量，如果找到则改写变量值，否则将变量存放到顶层 Scope
+	 */
+	public void set(Object key, Object value) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			// HashMap 允许有 null 值 value，必须要做 containsKey 判断
+			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+				cur.data.put(key, value);
+				return ;
+			}
+			
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				if (cur.data == null) {			// 支持顶层 data 为 null 值
+					cur.data = new HashMap();
+				}
+				cur.data.put(key, value);
+				return ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取变量
+	 * 自内向外在作用域栈中查找变量，返回最先找到的变量
+	 */
+	public Object get(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; cur!=null; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+				return cur.data.get(key);
+			}
+		}
+		// return null;
+		return sharedObjectMap != null ? sharedObjectMap.get(key) : null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 移除变量
+	 * 自内向外在作用域栈中查找变量，移除最先找到的变量
+	 */
+	public void remove(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; cur!=null; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+				cur.data.remove(key);
+				return ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置局部变量
+	 */
+	public void setLocal(Object key, Object value) {
+		if (data == null) {
+			data = new HashMap();
+		}
+		data.put(key, value);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取局部变量
+	 */
+	public Object getLocal(Object key) {
+		return data != null ? data.get(key) : null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 移除局部变量
+	 */
+	public void removeLocal(Object key) {
+		if (data != null) {
+			data.remove(key);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置全局变量
+	 * 全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
+	 */
+	public void setGlobal(Object key, Object value) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				cur.data.put(key, value);
+				return ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取全局变量
+	 * 全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
+	 */
+	public Object getGlobal(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				return cur.data.get(key);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 移除全局变量
+	 * 全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
+	 */
+	public void removeGlobal(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				cur.data.remove(key);
+				return ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 自内向外在作用域栈中查找变量，获取变量所在的 Map，主要用于 IncDec
+	 */
+	public Map getMapOfValue(Object key) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; cur!=null; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.data != null && cur.data.containsKey(key)) {
+				return cur.data;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取本层作用域 data，可能为 null 值
+	 */
+	public Map getData() {
+		return data;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置/替换本层作用域 data，通常用于在扩展指令中使用现成可用的 Map 来存放数据，
+	 * 从而避免 Scope 内部创建 data，节省时空
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：本方法会替换掉已经存在的 data 对象
+	 */
+	public void setData(Map data) {
+		this.data = data;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取顶层作用域 data，可能为 null 值
+	 */
+	public Map getRootData() {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				return cur.data;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置/替换顶层作用域 data，可以在扩展指令之中通过此方法切换掉顶层作用域
+	 * 实现作用域完全隔离的功能
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：本方法会替换掉顶层已经存在的 data 对象
+	 */
+	public void setRootData(Map data) {
+		for (Scope cur=this; true; cur=cur.parent) {
+			if (cur.parent == null) {
+				cur.data = data;
+				return ;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Symbol.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Symbol
+ */
+enum Symbol {
+	
+	TEXT("text", false),
+	
+	OUTPUT("output", true),
+	
+	DEFINE("define", true),
+	CALL("call", true),
+	CALL_IF_DEFINED("callIfDefined", true),
+	SET("set", true),
+	SET_LOCAL("setLocal", true),
+	SET_GLOBAL("setGlobal", true),
+	INCLUDE("include", true),
+	
+	FOR("for", true),
+	IF("if", true),
+	ELSEIF("elseif", true),
+	ELSE("else", false),
+	END("end", false),
+	CONTINUE("continue", false),
+	BREAK("break", false),
+	RETURN("return", false),
+	
+	ID("ID", false),				// 标识符：下划线或字母开头 ^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$
+	PARA("PARA", false),
+	
+	EOF("EOF", false);
+	
+	private final String name;
+	private final boolean hasPara;	// 是否有参
+	
+	/**
+	 * Lexer 中确定为系统指令以后，必须得到正确的后续 Token 序列，否则报异常
+	 * 扩展指令在得到 # id ( 序列以后才要求得到正确的后续 Token 序列，否则仅仅 return fail()
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	private static final Map<String, Symbol> keywords = new HashMap<String, Symbol>() {{
+		put(Symbol.IF.getName(), IF);
+		put(Symbol.ELSEIF.getName(), ELSEIF);
+		put(Symbol.ELSE.getName(), ELSE);
+		put(Symbol.END.getName(), END);
+		put(Symbol.FOR.getName(), FOR);
+		put(Symbol.BREAK.getName(), BREAK);
+		put(Symbol.CONTINUE.getName(), CONTINUE);
+		put(Symbol.RETURN.getName(), RETURN);
+		
+		put(Symbol.DEFINE.getName(), DEFINE);
+		put(Symbol.SET.getName(), SET);
+		put(Symbol.SET_LOCAL.getName(), SET_LOCAL);
+		put(Symbol.SET_GLOBAL.getName(), SET_GLOBAL);
+		put(Symbol.INCLUDE.getName(), INCLUDE);
+	}};
+	
+	private Symbol(String name, boolean hasPara) {
+		this.name = name;
+		this.hasPara = hasPara;
+	}
+	
+	public String getName() {
+		return name;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return name;
+	}
+	
+	boolean hasPara() {
+		return hasPara;
+	}
+	
+	boolean noPara() {
+		return !hasPara;
+	}
+	
+	public static Symbol getKeywordSym(String name) {
+		return keywords.get(name);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/TextToken.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * TextToken
+ * 词法分析时，合并相邻 TextToken
+ */
+class TextToken extends Token {
+	
+	// 接管父类的 value
+	private StringBuilder text;
+	
+	public TextToken(StringBuilder value, int row) {
+		super(Symbol.TEXT, row);
+		this.text = value;
+	}
+	
+	public void append(StringBuilder content) {
+		if (content != null) {
+			text.append(content);	// 不要使用 toString()，性能不如直接这样快
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 1：当前指令"后方"全是空白字符并且以 '\n' 或 EOF 结尾，当前指令"前方"为 TextToken 时调用此方法
+	 * 2：当前指令本行内前方为空白字符(必须遭遇 '\n')，则删掉前方的空白字符
+	 * 3：当前指令前方全为空白字符(不含 '\n')，表明是两个指令之间全为空白字符的情况，
+	 *   或者两指令不在同一行且第二个指令前方全是空白字符的情况，则删掉这两指令之间的全部空白字符
+	 * 4：返回 true，告知调用方需要吃掉本指令行尾的 '\n'
+	 * 
+	 * 简单描述：
+	 * 1：当前指令独占一行，删除当前指令前方空白字符，并告知调用方吃掉行尾 '\n'
+	 * 2：当前指令前方仍然是指令，两指令之间有空白字符，吃掉前方(即所有)的空白字符，并告知调用方吃掉行尾 '\n'
+	 * 3：情况 2 时，相当于本 TextToken 内容变成了空字符串，后续的 Parser 将过滤掉这类节点
+	 */
+	public boolean deleteBlankTails() {
+		for (int i = text.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+			if (CharTable.isBlank(text.charAt(i))) {
+				continue ;
+			}
+			
+			if (text.charAt(i) == '\n') {
+				text.delete(i+1, text.length());
+				return true;
+			} else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// 两个指令之间全是空白字符， 设置其长度为 0，为 Parser 过滤内容为空的 Text 节点做准备
+		text.setLength(0);
+		return true;		// 当两指令之间全为空白字符时，告知调用方需要吃掉行尾的 '\n'
+	}
+	
+	public String value() {
+		return text.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public StringBuilder getContent() {
+		return text;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return text.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public void print() {
+		System.out.print("[");
+		System.out.print(row);
+		System.out.print(", TEXT, ");
+		System.out.print(text.toString());
+		System.out.println("]");
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Token.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;
+
+/**
+ * Token
+ */
+class Token {
+	
+	final Symbol symbol;
+	final int row;
+	private final String value;
+	
+	Token(Symbol symbol, String value, int row) {
+		if (symbol == null || value == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("symbol and value can not be null");
+		}
+		this.symbol = symbol;
+		this.value = value;
+		this.row = row;
+	}
+	
+	Token(Symbol symbol, int row) {
+		this(symbol, symbol.getName(), row);
+	}
+	
+	boolean hasPara() {
+		return symbol.hasPara();
+	}
+	
+	boolean noPara() {
+		return symbol.noPara();
+	}
+	
+	public String value() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	public int getRow() {
+		return row;
+	}
+	
+	public void print() {
+		System.out.print("[");
+		System.out.print(row);
+		System.out.print(", ");
+		System.out.print(symbol.getName());
+		System.out.print(", ");
+		System.out.print(value());
+		System.out.println("]");
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Break.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Break
+ * java 中 break、continue 可出现在 for 中的最后一行，不一定要套在 if 中
+ */
+public class Break extends Stat {
+	
+	public static final Break me = new Break();
+	
+	private Break() {
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope.getCtrl().setBreak();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Call.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Call 调用模板函数，两种用法：
+ * 1：常规调用
+ *    #@funcName(p1, p2, ..., pn)
+ * 2：安全调用，函数被定义才调用，否则跳过
+ *    #@funcName?(p1, p2, ..., pn)
+ * 
+ * 注意：在函数名前面引入 '@' 字符是为了区分模板函数和指令
+ */
+public class Call extends Stat {
+	
+	private String funcName;
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	private boolean callIfDefined;
+	
+	public Call(String funcName, ExprList exprList, boolean callIfDefined) {
+		this.funcName = funcName;
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+		this.callIfDefined = callIfDefined;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Define function = env.getFunction(funcName);
+		if (function != null) {
+			function.call(env, scope, exprList, writer);	
+		} else if (callIfDefined) {
+			return ;
+		} else {
+			throw new TemplateException("Template function not defined: " + funcName, location);
+		}
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Continue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Continue
+ */
+public class Continue extends Stat {
+	
+	public static final Continue me = new Continue();
+	
+	private Continue() {
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope.getCtrl().setContinue();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Define.java

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Id;
+
+/**
+ * Define 定义模板函数：
+ * #define funcName(p1, p2, ..., pn)
+ *   body
+ * #end
+ * 
+ * 模板函数类型：
+ * 1：全局共享的模板函数
+ *   通过 engine.addSharedFunction(...) 添加，所有模板中可调用
+ * 2：模板中定义的局部模板函数
+ *   在模板中定义的模板函数，只在本模板中有效
+ * 
+ * 高级用法：
+ * 1：局部模板函数可以与全局共享模板函数同名，调用时优先调用模板内模板数
+ * 2：模板内部不能定义同名的局部模板函数
+ */
+public class Define extends Stat {
+	
+	private static final String[] NULL_PARAMETER_NAMES = new String[0];
+	
+	private String functionName;
+	private String[] parameterNames;
+	private Stat stat;
+	
+	public Define(String functionName, ExprList exprList, Stat stat, Location location) {
+		setLocation(location);
+		this.functionName = functionName;
+		this.stat = stat;
+		
+		Expr[] exprArray = exprList.getExprArray();
+		if (exprArray.length == 0) {
+			this.parameterNames = NULL_PARAMETER_NAMES;
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		parameterNames = new String[exprArray.length];
+		for (int i=0; i<exprArray.length; i++) {
+			if (exprArray[i] instanceof Id) {
+				parameterNames[i] = ((Id)exprArray[i]).getId();
+			} else {
+				throw new ParseException("The parameter of template function definition must be identifier", location);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public String getFunctionName() {
+		return functionName;
+	}
+	
+	public String[] getParameterNames() {
+		return parameterNames;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Define 的继承类可以覆盖此方法实现一些 register 类的动作
+	 */
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 真正调用模板函数
+	 */
+	public void call(Env env, Scope scope, ExprList exprList, Writer writer) {
+		if (exprList.length() != parameterNames.length) {
+			throw new TemplateException("Wrong number of argument to call the template function, right number is: " + parameterNames.length, location);
+		}
+		
+		scope = new Scope(scope);
+		if (exprList.length() > 0) {
+			Object[] parameterValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
+			for (int i=0; i<parameterValues.length; i++) {
+				scope.setLocal(parameterNames[i], parameterValues[i]);	// 参数赋值
+			}
+		}
+		
+		stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		scope.getCtrl().setJumpNone();	// #define 中的 return、continue、break 全部在此消化
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
+		ret.append("#define ").append(functionName).append("(");
+		for (int i=0; i<parameterNames.length; i++) {
+			if (i > 0) {
+				ret.append(", ");
+			}
+			ret.append(parameterNames[i]);
+		}
+		return ret.append(")").toString();
+	}
+	
+	// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	/**
+	 * envForDevMode 属性性以及相关方法仅用于 devMode 判断当前 #define 指令所在资源是否被修改
+	 * 仅用于 EngineConfig 中处理 shared function 的逻辑
+	 */
+	private Env envForDevMode;
+	
+	public void setEnvForDevMode(Env envForDevMode) {
+		this.envForDevMode = envForDevMode;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isSourceModifiedForDevMode() {
+		if (envForDevMode == null) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("Check engine config: setDevMode(...) must be invoked before addSharedFunction(...)");
+		}
+		return envForDevMode.isSourceListModified();
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Else.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Else
+ */
+public class Else extends Stat {
+	
+	private Stat stat;
+	
+	public Else(Stat stat) {
+		this.stat = stat;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ElseIf.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * ElseIf
+ */
+public class ElseIf extends Stat {
+	
+	private ExprList cond;
+	private Stat stat;
+	private Stat elseIfOrElse;
+	
+	public ElseIf(ExprList cond, Stat stat, Location location) {
+		if (cond.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The condition expression of #elseif statement can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.cond = cond;
+		this.stat = stat;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * take over setStat(...) method of super class
+	 */
+	public void setStat(Stat elseIfOrElse) {
+		this.elseIfOrElse = elseIfOrElse;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		if (Logic.isTrue(cond.eval(scope))) {
+			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		} else if (elseIfOrElse != null) {
+			elseIfOrElse.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/For.java

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * For 循环控制，支持 List、Map、数组、Collection、Iterator、Iterable
+ * Enumeration、null 以及任意单个对象的迭代，简单说是支持所有对象迭代
+ * 
+ * 主要用法：
+ * 1：#for(item : list) #(item) #end
+ * 2：#for(item : list) #(item) #else content #end
+ * 3：#for(i=0; i<9; i++) #(item) #end
+ * 4：#for(i=0; i<9; i++) #(item) #else content #end
+ */
+public class For extends Stat {
+	
+	private ForCtrl forCtrl;
+	private StatList statList;
+	private Stat _else;
+	
+	public For(ForCtrl forCtrl, StatList statList, Stat _else) {
+		this.forCtrl = forCtrl;
+		this.statList = statList;
+		this._else = _else;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope = new Scope(scope);
+		if (forCtrl.isIterator()) {
+			forIterator(env, scope, writer);
+		} else {
+			forLoop(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * #for( id : expr)
+	 */
+	private void forIterator(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		Object outer = scope.get("for");
+		ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+		ForIteratorStatus forIteratorStatus = new ForIteratorStatus(outer, forCtrl.getExpr().eval(scope), location);
+		ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		scope.setLocal("for", forIteratorStatus);
+		
+		Iterator<?> it = forIteratorStatus.getIterator();
+		String itemName = forCtrl.getId();
+		while(it.hasNext()) {
+			scope.setLocal(itemName, it.next());
+			statList.exec(env, scope, writer);
+			forIteratorStatus.nextState();
+			
+			if (ctrl.isJump()) {
+				if (ctrl.isBreak()) {
+					ctrl.setJumpNone();
+					break ;
+				} else if (ctrl.isContinue()) {
+					ctrl.setJumpNone();
+					continue ;
+				} else {
+					return ;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		if (_else != null && forIteratorStatus.getIndex() == 0) {
+			_else.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * #for(exprList; cond; update)
+	 */
+	private void forLoop(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		Object outer = scope.get("for");
+		ForLoopStatus forLoopStatus = new ForLoopStatus(outer);
+		scope.setLocal("for", forLoopStatus);
+		
+		Expr init = forCtrl.getInit();
+		Expr cond = forCtrl.getCond();
+		Expr update = forCtrl.getUpdate();
+		
+		ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+		for (init.eval(scope); cond == null || Logic.isTrue(cond.eval(scope)); update.eval(scope)) {
+			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+			statList.exec(env, scope, writer);
+			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+			forLoopStatus.nextState();
+			
+			if (ctrl.isJump()) {
+				if (ctrl.isBreak()) {
+					ctrl.setJumpNone();
+					break ;
+				} else if (ctrl.isContinue()) {
+					ctrl.setJumpNone();
+					continue ;
+				} else {
+					ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+					return ;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		if (_else != null && forLoopStatus.getIndex() == 0) {
+			_else.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ForEntry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/**
+ * ForEntry 包装 HashMap、LinkedHashMap 等 Map 类型的 Entry 对象
+ */
+public class ForEntry implements Entry<Object, Object> {
+	
+	private Entry<Object, Object> entry;
+	
+	public ForEntry(Entry<Object, Object> entry) {
+		this.entry = entry;
+	}
+	
+	public Object getKey() {
+		return entry.getKey();
+	}
+	
+	public Object getValue() {
+		return entry.getValue();
+	}
+	
+	public Object setValue(Object value) {
+		return entry.setValue(value);
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ForIteratorStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+
+/**
+ * ForIteratorStatus
+ * 封装 #for( id : expr) 迭代语句状态，便于模板中获取
+ * 
+ * 使用以下表达式可以模板中获取迭代状态：
+ * for.size 被迭代集合元素数量，不支持 Iterator 与 Iterable
+ * for.index 从 0 下始的下标
+ * for.count 从 1 开始的计数器
+ * for.first 是否第一个元素
+ * for.last 是否最后一个元素
+ * for.odd 是否第奇数个元素
+ * for.even 是否第偶数个元素
+ * for.outer 获取外层 for 对象，便于获取外层 for 循环状态
+ *           例如: for.outer.index
+ */
+public class ForIteratorStatus {
+	
+	private Object outer;
+	private int index;
+	private int size;
+	private Iterator<?> iterator;
+	private Location location;
+	
+	public ForIteratorStatus(Object outer, Object target, Location location) {
+		this.outer = outer;
+		this.index = 0;
+		this.location = location;
+		init(target);
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	private void init(Object target) {
+		if (target == null) {
+			size = 0;
+			iterator = NullIterator.me;
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target instanceof Collection) {
+			size = ((Collection<?>)target).size();
+			iterator = ((Collection<?>)target).iterator();
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target instanceof Map<?, ?>) {
+			size = ((Map<?, ?>)target).size();
+			iterator = new MapIterator(((Map<Object, Object>)target).entrySet().iterator());
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target.getClass().isArray()) {
+			size = Array.getLength(target);
+			iterator = new ArrayIterator(target, size);
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target instanceof Iterator) {
+			size = -1;
+			iterator = (Iterator<?>)target;
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target instanceof Iterable) {
+			size = -1;
+			iterator = ((Iterable<?>)target).iterator();
+			return ;
+		}
+		if (target instanceof Enumeration) {
+			ArrayList<?> list = Collections.list((Enumeration<?>)target);
+			size = list.size();
+			iterator = list.iterator();
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		size = 1;
+		iterator = new SingleObjectIterator(target);
+	}
+	
+	Iterator<?> getIterator() {
+		return iterator;
+	}
+	
+	void nextState() {
+		index++;
+	}
+	
+	public Object getOuter() {
+		return outer;
+	}
+	
+	public int getIndex() {
+		return index;
+	}
+	
+	public int getCount() {
+		return index + 1;
+	}
+	
+	public int getSize() {
+		if (size >= 0) {
+			return size;
+		}
+		throw new TemplateException("No such method getSize() of the iterator", location);
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getFirst() {
+		return index == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getLast() {
+		return !iterator.hasNext();
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getOdd() {
+		return index % 2 == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getEven() {
+		return index % 2 != 0;
+	}
+}
+
+class MapIterator implements Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> {
+	
+	private Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> iterator;
+	
+	public MapIterator(Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> iterator) {
+		this.iterator = iterator;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean hasNext() {
+		return iterator.hasNext();
+	}
+	
+	public Entry<Object, Object> next() {
+		return new ForEntry((Entry<Object, Object>)iterator.next());
+	}
+	
+	public void remove() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+}
+
+class ArrayIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
+	
+	private Object array;
+	private int size;
+	private int index;
+	
+	ArrayIterator(Object array, int size) {
+		this.array = array;
+		this.size = size;
+		this.index = 0;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean hasNext() {
+		return index < size;
+	}
+	
+	public Object next() {
+		return Array.get(array, index++);
+	}
+	
+	public void remove() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+}
+
+class SingleObjectIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
+	
+	private Object target;
+	private boolean hasNext = true;
+	
+	public SingleObjectIterator(Object target) {
+		this.target = target;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean hasNext() {
+		return hasNext;
+	}
+	
+	public Object next() {
+		if (hasNext) {
+			hasNext = false;
+			return target;
+		}
+		throw new NoSuchElementException();
+	}
+	
+	public void remove() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+}
+
+class NullIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
+	
+    static final Iterator<?> me = new NullIterator();
+    
+    private NullIterator() {
+    }
+    
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    public Object next() {
+        throw new NoSuchElementException();
+    }
+    
+    public void remove() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/ForLoopStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+/**
+ * ForLoopStatus
+ * 封装 #for( init; cond; update) 循环的状态，便于模板中获取
+ * 
+ * 如下表达式可从模板中获取循环状态：
+ * for.index 从 0 下始的下标
+ * for.count 从 1 开始的计数器
+ * for.first 是否第一个元素
+ * for.odd 是否第奇数个元素
+ * for.even 是否第偶数个元素
+ * for.outer 获取外层 for 对象，便于获取外层 for 循环状态
+ *           例如: for.outer.index
+ * 
+ * 注意：比迭代型循环语句少支持两个状态取值表达式：for.size、for.last
+ */
+public class ForLoopStatus {
+	
+	private Object outer;
+	private int index;
+	
+	public ForLoopStatus(Object outer) {
+		this.outer = outer;
+		this.index = 0;
+	}
+	
+	void nextState() {
+		index++;
+	}
+	
+	public Object getOuter() {
+		return outer;
+	}
+	
+	public int getIndex() {
+		return index;
+	}
+	
+	public int getCount() {
+		return index + 1;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getFirst() {
+		return index == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getOdd() {
+		return index % 2 == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean getEven() {
+		return index % 2 != 0;
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/If.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * If
+ */
+public class If extends Stat {
+	
+	private ExprList cond;
+	private Stat stat;
+	private Stat elseIfOrElse;
+	
+	public If(ExprList cond, Stat stat, Location location) {
+		if (cond.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The condition expression of #if statement can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.cond = cond;
+		this.stat = stat;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * take over setStat(...) method of super class
+	 */
+	public void setStat(Stat elseIfOrElse) {
+		this.elseIfOrElse = elseIfOrElse;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		if (Logic.isTrue(cond.eval(scope))) {
+			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		} else if (elseIfOrElse != null) {
+			elseIfOrElse.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Include.java

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Include
+ * 
+ * 1：父模板被缓存时，被 include 的模板会被间接缓存，无需关心缓存问题
+ * 2：同一个模板文件被多个父模板 include，所处的背景环境不同，例如各父模板中定义的模板函数不同
+ * 各父模板所处的相对路径不同，所以多个父模板不能共用一次 parse 出来的结果，而是在每个被include
+ * 的地方重新 parse
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 两种用法：
+ * 1：只传入一个参数，参数必须是 String 常量，如果希望第一个参数是变量可以使用 #render 指令去实现
+ *   #include("_hot.html")
+ *   
+ * 2：传入任意多个参数，除第一个参数以外的所有参数必须是赋值表达式，用于实现参数传递功能
+ *   #include("_hot.html", title = "热门新闻", list = newsList)
+ *   
+ *   上例中传递了 title、list 两个参数，可以代替父模板中的 #set 指令传参方式
+ *   并且此方式传入的参数只在子模板作用域有效，不会污染父模板作用域
+ *   
+ *   这种传参方式有利于将子模板模块化，例如上例的调用改成如下的参数：
+ *   #include("_hot.html", title = "热门项目", list = projectList)
+ *   通过这种传参方式在子模板 _hot.html 之中，完全不需要修改对于 title 与 list
+ *   这两个变量的处理代码，就实现了对 “热门项目” 数据的渲染
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class Include extends Stat {
+	
+	private Assign[] assignArray;
+	private Stat stat;
+	
+	public Include(Env env, ExprList exprList, String parentFileName, Location location) {
+		int len = exprList.length();
+		if (len == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #include directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		// 第一个参数必须为 String 类型
+		Expr expr = exprList.getExpr(0);
+		if (expr instanceof Const && ((Const)expr).isStr()) {
+		} else {
+			throw new ParseException("The first parameter of #include directive must be String", location); 
+		}
+		// 其它参数必须为赋值表达式
+		if (len > 1) {
+			for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+				if (!(exprList.getExpr(i) instanceof Assign)) {
+					throw new ParseException("The " + i + "th parameter of #include directive must be an assignment expression", location);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		parseSubTemplate(env, ((Const)expr).getStr(), parentFileName, location);
+		getAssignExpression(exprList);
+	}
+	
+	private void parseSubTemplate(Env env, String fileName, String parentFileName, Location location) {
+		String subFileName = getSubFileName(fileName, parentFileName);
+		EngineConfig config = env.getEngineConfig();
+		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		ISource fileSource = config.getSourceFactory().getSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		try {
+			Parser parser = new Parser(env, fileSource.getContent(), subFileName);
+			if (config.isDevMode()) {
+				env.addSource(fileSource);
+			}
+			this.stat = parser.parse();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// 文件路径不正确抛出异常时添加 location 信息
+			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取在父模板之下子模板的最终文件名，子模板目录相对于父模板文件目录来确定
+	 * 以 "/" 打头则以 baseTemplatePath 为根，否则以父文件所在路径为根
+	 */
+	public static String getSubFileName(String fileName, String parentFileName) {
+		if (parentFileName == null) {
+			return fileName;
+		}
+		if (fileName.startsWith("/")) {
+			return fileName;
+		}
+		int index = parentFileName.lastIndexOf('/');
+		if (index == -1) {
+			return fileName;
+		}
+		return parentFileName.substring(0, index + 1) + fileName;
+	}
+	
+	private void getAssignExpression(ExprList exprList) {
+		int len = exprList.length();
+		if (len > 1) {
+			assignArray = new Assign[len - 1];
+			for (int i = 0; i < assignArray.length; i++) {
+				assignArray[i] = (Assign)exprList.getExpr(i + 1);
+			}
+		} else {
+			assignArray = null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope = new Scope(scope);
+		if (assignArray != null) {
+			evalAssignExpression(scope);
+		}
+		stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		scope.getCtrl().setJumpNone();
+	}
+	
+	private void evalAssignExpression(Scope scope) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		try {
+			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+			for (Assign assign : assignArray) {
+				assign.eval(scope);
+			}
+		} finally {
+			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Output.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Output 输出指令
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * 1：#(value)
+ * 2：#(x = 1, y = 2, x + y)
+ * 3：#(seoTitle ?? 'JFinal 极速开发社区')
+ */
+public class Output extends Stat {
+	
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public Output(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The expression of output directive like #(expression) can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		try {
+			Object value = exprList.eval(scope);
+			if (value != null) {
+				String str = value.toString();
+				writer.write(str, 0, str.length());
+			}
+		} catch(TemplateException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch(Exception e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Return.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Return
+ * 通常用于 #define 指令内部，不支持返回值
+ */
+public class Return  extends Stat {
+	
+	public static final Return me = new Return();
+	
+	private Return() {
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope.getCtrl().setReturn();
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Set.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Set 赋值，从内向外作用域查找变量，找到则替换变量值，否则在顶层作用域赋值
+ * 
+ * 用法：
+ * 1：#set(k = v)
+ * 2：#set(k1 = v1, k2 = v2, ..., kn = vn)
+ * 3：#set(x = 1+2)
+ * 4：#set(x = 1+2, y = 3>4, ..., z = c ? a : b)
+ */
+public class Set extends Stat {
+	
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public Set(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #set directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		
+		for (Expr expr : exprList.getExprArray()) {
+			if ( !(expr instanceof Assign) ) {
+				throw new ParseException("#set directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
+			}
+		}
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		scope.getCtrl().setWisdomAssignment();
+		exprList.eval(scope);
+	}
+}
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetGlobal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * SetLocal 设置全局变量，全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
+ * 
+ * 适用于极少数的在内层作用域中希望直接操作顶层作用域的场景
+ */
+public class SetGlobal  extends Stat {
+	
+	private ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public SetGlobal(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #setGlobal directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		
+		for (Expr expr : exprList.getExprArray()) {
+			if ( !(expr instanceof Assign) ) {
+				throw new ParseException("#setGlobal directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
+			}
+		}
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		try {
+			ctrl.setGlobalAssignment();
+			exprList.eval(scope);
+		} finally {
+			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetLocal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * SetLocal 设置局部变量
+ * 
+ * 通常用于 #define #include 指令内部需要与外层作用域区分，以便于定义重用型模块的场景
+ * 也常用于 #for 循环内部的临时变量
+ */
+public class SetLocal  extends Stat {
+	
+	final ExprList exprList;
+	
+	public SetLocal(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #setLocal directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		
+		for (Expr expr : exprList.getExprArray()) {
+			if ( !(expr instanceof Assign) ) {
+				throw new ParseException("#setLocal directive only supports assignment expressions", location);
+			}
+		}
+		this.exprList = exprList;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		try {
+			ctrl.setLocalAssignment();
+			exprList.eval(scope);
+		} finally {
+			ctrl.setWisdomAssignment();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Stat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Stat
+ */
+public abstract class Stat {
+	
+	protected Location location;
+	
+	public Stat setLocation(Location location) {
+		this.location = location;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public Location getLocation() {
+		return location;
+	}
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+	}
+	
+	public void setStat(Stat stat) {
+	}
+	
+	public abstract void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer);
+	
+	public boolean hasEnd() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	protected void write(Writer writer, String str) {
+		try {
+			writer.write(str, 0, str.length());
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void write(Writer writer, char[] chars) {
+		try {
+			writer.write(chars, 0, chars.length);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/StatList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Ctrl;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * StatList
+ */
+public class StatList extends Stat {
+	
+	public static final Stat[] NULL_STATS =  new Stat[0];
+	private Stat[] statArray;
+	
+	public StatList(List<Stat> statList) {
+		if (statList.size() > 0) {
+			this.statArray = statList.toArray(new Stat[statList.size()]);
+		} else {
+			this.statArray = NULL_STATS;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Ctrl ctrl = scope.getCtrl();
+		for (Stat stat : statArray) {
+			if (ctrl.isJump()) {
+				break ;
+			}
+			stat.exec(env, scope, writer);	
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public int length() {
+		return statArray.length;
+	}
+	
+	public Stat getStat(int index) {
+		if (index < 0 || index >= statArray.length) {
+			throw new TemplateException("Index out of bounds: index = " + index + ", length = " + statArray.length, location);
+		}
+		return statArray[index];
+	}
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Text.java

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2017, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Text 输出纯文本块以及使用 "#[[" 与 "]]#" 指定的非解析块 
+ */
+public class Text extends Stat {
+	
+	private char[] text;
+	
+	public Text(StringBuilder content) {
+		this.text = new char[content.length()];
+		content.getChars(0, content.length(), this.text, 0);
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		try {
+			writer.write(text, 0, text.length);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isEmpty() {
+		return text.length == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public String getContent() {
+		return text != null ? new String(text) : null;
+	}
+	
+	public String toString() {
+		return text != null ? new String(text) : "";
+	}
+}
+
+
+