[maven-release-plugin] prepare release enjoy-3.6

enjoy 3.6 release ^_^
2019-01-31 00:15:25 +08:00 · 2019-01-30 21:09:51 +08:00 · 2019-01-30 21:09:07 +08:00 · 2019-01-01 21:17:38 +08:00 · 2018-10-08 17:42:32 +08:00 · 2018-10-08 17:42:28 +08:00
48 changed files with 1399 additions and 345 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -50,3 +50,5 @@ integration-repo
 a_little_config_pro.txt

 dev_plan.txt
+
+
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -190,3 +190,7 @@ third-party archives.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.

+
+
+
+
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ### Enjoy

-Enjoy 是基于 Java 语言的极轻量极魔板引擎。极轻量级仅 171K 并且不依赖任何第三方。极简设计仅 if、for、set、define、include、render 六个核心指令，让学习成本低到极致。独创 DKFF(Dynamic Key Feature Forward) 词法分析算法与 DLRD (Double Layer Recursive Descent)语法分析算法，避免使用 javacc、antlr、jflex 生成器，令代码量少到极致。
+Enjoy 是基于 Java 语言的极轻量极魔板引擎。极轻量级仅 171K 并且不依赖任何第三方。极简设计仅 if、for、switch、set、define、include、render 七个核心指令，让学习成本低到极致。独创 DKFF(Dynamic Key Feature Forward) 词法分析算法与 DLRD (Double Layer Recursive Descent)语法分析算法，避免使用 javacc、antlr、jflex 生成器，令代码量少到极致。

 #### Enjoy 主要特点
- 消灭传统模板引擎中大量繁杂概念，仅六个核心指令，学习成本极低
- 独创 DKFF 词法分析算法与 DLRD 语法分析算法，避免使用javacc、antlr
+- 消灭传统模板引擎中大量繁杂概念，仅七个核心指令，学习成本极低
+- 独创 DKFF 词法分析算法与 DLRD 语法分析算法，避免使用 javacc、antlr
 - 功能强大，极为简单覆盖掉 freemarker、velocity 的核心功能
 - 扩展性强，支持多种扩展方式，且是唯一支持指令级扩展的模板引擎
 - 与 java 打通式设计，在模板中与 java 交互极为方便
@@ -41,3 +41,4 @@ read me 正在补充，详细使用文档请下载 jfinal.com 官网的 jfinal



+
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 	<artifactId>enjoy</artifactId>
 	<packaging>jar</packaging>
 	<name>enjoy</name>
-	<version>3.4</version>
+	<version>3.6</version>
 	<url>http://www.jfinal.com</url>
 	<description>Enjoy is a simple, light, rapid, independent, extensible Java Template Engine.</description>
 	
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
 				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 				<version>3.6.1</version>
 				<configuration>
-					<source>1.6</source>
-					<target>1.6</target>
+					<source>1.8</source>
+					<target>1.8</target>
 				</configuration>
 			</plugin>
 			
@@ -91,21 +91,21 @@
 				</configuration>
 			</plugin>

-<!-- 安装源码到本地仓库 -->
-<plugin>
-	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-	<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
-	<version>2.1.2</version>
-	<executions>
-		<execution>
-			<id>attach-sources</id>
-			<phase>verify</phase>
-			<goals>
-				<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
-			</goals>
-		</execution>
-	</executions>
-</plugin>
+			<!-- 安装源码到本地仓库 -->
+			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+				<version>2.1.2</version>
+				<executions>
+					<execution>
+						<id>attach-sources</id>
+						<phase>verify</phase>
+						<goals>
+							<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
+						</goals>
+					</execution>
+				</executions>
+			</plugin>

 			<plugin>
 				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/Kv.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/Kv.java
@@ -113,6 +113,20 @@ public class Kv extends HashMap {
 		return this;
 	}
 	
+	public Kv setIfNotBlank(Object key, String value) {
+		if (StrKit.notBlank(value)) {
+			set(key, value);
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	public Kv setIfNotNull(Object key, Object value) {
+		if (value != null) {
+			set(key, value);
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+	
 	public Kv set(Map map) {
 		super.putAll(map);
 		return this;
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/ReflectKit.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/ReflectKit.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class ReflectKit {
 	public static Object newInstance(Class<?> clazz) {
 		try {
 			return clazz.newInstance();
-		} catch (Exception e) {
+		} catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
 			throw new RuntimeException(e);
 		}
 	}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/SyncWriteMap.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/kit/SyncWriteMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.kit;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * SyncWriteMap 同步写 HashMap
+ * 创建原因是 HashMap扩容时，遇到并发修改可能造成 100% CPU 占用
+ * 
+ * SyncWriteMap 拥有 HashMap 的性能，但不保障并发访问的线程安全
+ * 只用于读多写少且不用保障线程安全的场景
+ * 
+ * 例如 MethodKit 中用于缓存 MethodInfo 的 cache，被写入的数据
+ * 不用保障是单例，读取之后会做 null 值判断
+ * 
+ * ActionMapping 中的 HashMap 是系统启动时在独立线程内初始化的，
+ * 不存在并发写，只存在并发读的情况，所以仍然可以使用 HashMap
+ */
+public class SyncWriteMap<K, V> extends HashMap<K, V> {
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7287230891751869148L;
+	
+	public SyncWriteMap() {
+	}
+	
+	public SyncWriteMap(int initialCapacity) {
+		super(initialCapacity);
+	}
+	
+	public SyncWriteMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
+		super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
+	}
+	
+	public SyncWriteMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+		super(m);
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public V put(K key, V value) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return super.put(key, value);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return super.putIfAbsent(key, value);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			super.putAll(m);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public V remove(Object key) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return super.remove(key);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public void clear() {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			super.clear();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Engine.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Engine.java
@@ -21,11 +21,16 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.SyncWriteMap;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.FieldGetter;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.FieldKeyBuilder;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.FieldKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.MethodKit;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ClassPathSourceFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISourceFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.StringSource;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.OutputDirectiveFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;

@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	public static final String MAIN_ENGINE_NAME = "main";
 	
 	private static Engine MAIN_ENGINE;
-	private static Map<String, Engine> engineMap = new HashMap<String, Engine>();
+	private static Map<String, Engine> engineMap = new HashMap<String, Engine>(64, 0.5F);
 	
 	// Create main engine
 	static {
@@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	private EngineConfig config = new EngineConfig();
 	private ISourceFactory sourceFactory = config.getSourceFactory();
 	
-	private Map<String, Template> templateCache = new HashMap<String, Template>();
+	private Map<String, Template> templateCache = new SyncWriteMap<String, Template>(2048, 0.5F);
 	
 	/**
 	 * Create engine without management of JFinal 
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Get template with file name
+	 * Get template by file name
 	 */
 	public Template getTemplate(String fileName) {
 		if (fileName.charAt(0) != '/') {
@@ -170,9 +175,9 @@ public class Engine {
 	/**
 	 * Get template by string content
 	 * 
-	 * 重要：StringSource 中的 key = HashKit.md5(content)，也即 key
-	 *     与 content 有紧密的对应关系，当 content 发生变化时 key 值也相应变化
-	 *     因此，原先 key 所对应的 Template 缓存对象已无法被获取，当 getTemplateByString(String)
+	 * 重要：StringSource 中的 cacheKey = HashKit.md5(content)，也即 cacheKey
+	 *     与 content 有紧密的对应关系，当 content 发生变化时 cacheKey 值也相应变化
+	 *     因此，原先 cacheKey 所对应的 Template 缓存对象已无法被获取，当 getTemplateByString(String)
 	 *     的 String 参数的数量不确定时会引发内存泄漏
 	 *     
 	 *     当 getTemplateByString(String, boolean) 中的 String 参数的
@@ -186,37 +191,37 @@ public class Engine {
 			return buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
 		}
 		
-		String key = HashKit.md5(content);
-		Template template = templateCache.get(key);
+		String cacheKey = HashKit.md5(content);
+		Template template = templateCache.get(cacheKey);
 		if (template == null) {
 			template = buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
-			templateCache.put(key, template);
+			templateCache.put(cacheKey, template);
 		} else if (devMode) {
 			if (template.isModified()) {
 				template = buildTemplateBySource(new StringSource(content, cache));
-				templateCache.put(key, template);
+				templateCache.put(cacheKey, template);
 			}
 		}
 		return template;
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Get template with implementation of ISource
+	 * Get template by implementation of ISource
 	 */
 	public Template getTemplate(ISource source) {
-		String key = source.getKey();
-		if (key == null) {	// key 为 null 则不缓存，详见 ISource.getKey() 注释
+		String cacheKey = source.getCacheKey();
+		if (cacheKey == null) {	// cacheKey 为 null 则不缓存，详见 ISource.getCacheKey() 注释
 			return buildTemplateBySource(source);
 		}
 		
-		Template template = templateCache.get(key);
+		Template template = templateCache.get(cacheKey);
 		if (template == null) {
 			template = buildTemplateBySource(source);
-			templateCache.put(key, template);
+			templateCache.put(cacheKey, template);
 		} else if (devMode) {
 			if (template.isModified()) {
 				template = buildTemplateBySource(source);
-				templateCache.put(key, template);
+				templateCache.put(cacheKey, template);
 			}
 		}
 		return template;
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Add shared function with file
+	 * Add shared function by file
 	 */
 	public Engine addSharedFunction(String fileName) {
 		config.addSharedFunction(fileName);
@@ -250,7 +255,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Add shared function with files
+	 * Add shared function by files
 	 */
 	public Engine addSharedFunction(String... fileNames) {
 		config.addSharedFunction(fileNames);
@@ -276,7 +281,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	/**
 	 * Set output directive factory
 	 */
-	public Engine setOutputDirectiveFactory(IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
+	public Engine setOutputDirectiveFactory(OutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
 		config.setOutputDirectiveFactory(outputDirectiveFactory);
 		return this;
 	}
@@ -334,7 +339,7 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Remove shared Method with method name
+	 * Remove shared Method by method name
 	 */
 	public Engine removeSharedMethod(String methodName) {
 		config.removeSharedMethod(methodName);
@@ -358,10 +363,10 @@ public class Engine {
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * Remove template cache with template key
+	 * Remove template cache by cache key
 	 */
-	public void removeTemplateCache(String templateKey) {
-		templateCache.remove(templateKey);
+	public void removeTemplateCache(String cacheKey) {
+		templateCache.remove(cacheKey);
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -498,6 +503,45 @@ public class Engine {
 	public static void removeExtensionMethod(Class<?> targetClass, Class<?> extensionClass) {
 		MethodKit.removeExtensionMethod(targetClass, extensionClass);
 	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 添加 FieldGetter 实现类到指定的位置
+	 * 
+	 * 系统当前默认 FieldGetter 实现类及其位置如下：
+	 * GetterMethodFieldGetter  ---> 调用 getter 方法取值
+	 * ModelFieldGetter			---> 调用 Model.get(String) 方法取值
+	 * RecordFieldGetter			---> 调用 Record.get(String) 方法取值
+	 * MapFieldGetter			---> 调用 Map.get(String) 方法取值 
+	 * RealFieldGetter			---> 直接获取 public 型的 object.field 值
+	 * ArrayLengthGetter			---> 获取数组长度
+	 * 
+	 * 根据以上次序，如果要插入 IsMethodFieldGetter 到 GetterMethodFieldGetter
+	 * 之后的代码如下：
+	 * Engine.addFieldGetter(1, new IsMethodFieldGetter());
+	 * 
+	 * 注：IsMethodFieldGetter 系统已经提供，只是默认没有启用。该实现类通过调用
+	 *    target.isXxx() 方法获取 target.xxx 表达式的值，其中 isXxx() 返回值
+	 *    必须是 Boolean/boolean 类型才会被调用
+	 */
+	public static void addFieldGetter(int index, FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		FieldKit.addFieldGetter(index, fieldGetter);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addFieldGetterToLast(FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		FieldKit.addFieldGetterToLast(fieldGetter);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addFieldGetterToFirst(FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		FieldKit.addFieldGetterToFirst(fieldGetter);
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeFieldGetter(Class<? extends FieldGetter> fieldGetterClass) {
+		FieldKit.removeFieldGetter(fieldGetterClass);
+	}
+	
+	public static void setToFastFieldKeyBuilder() {
+		FieldKeyBuilder.setToFastFieldKeyBuilder();
+	}
 }


--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/EngineConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/EngineConfig.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.source.ISource;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.ISourceFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.source.StringSource;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.OutputDirectiveFactory;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Parser;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
@@ -48,14 +49,14 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	
 	WriterBuffer writerBuffer = new WriterBuffer();
 	
-	private Map<String, Define> sharedFunctionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+	private Map<String, Define> sharedFunctionMap = createSharedFunctionMap();		// new HashMap<String, Define>(512, 0.25F);
 	private List<ISource> sharedFunctionSourceList = new ArrayList<ISource>();		// for devMode only
 	
 	Map<String, Object> sharedObjectMap = null;
 	
-	private IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory = OutputDirectiveFactory.me;
+	private OutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory = OutputDirectiveFactory.me;
 	private ISourceFactory sourceFactory = new FileSourceFactory();
-	private Map<String, Class<? extends Directive>> directiveMap = new HashMap<String, Class<? extends Directive>>();
+	private Map<String, Class<? extends Directive>> directiveMap = new HashMap<String, Class<? extends Directive>>(64, 0.5F);
 	private SharedMethodKit sharedMethodKit = new SharedMethodKit();
 	
 	private boolean devMode = false;
@@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 		addDirective("string", StringDirective.class);
 		addDirective("random", RandomDirective.class);
 		addDirective("number", NumberDirective.class);
+		addDirective("call", CallDirective.class);
 		
 		// Add official shared method of Template Engine
-		// addSharedMethod(new Json());
 		addSharedMethod(new SharedMethodLib());
 	}
 	
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	 * Add shared function with file
 	 */
 	public void addSharedFunction(String fileName) {
+		fileName = fileName.replace("\\", "/");
 		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
 		ISource source = sourceFactory.getSource(baseTemplatePath, fileName, encoding);
 		doAddSharedFunction(source, fileName);
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	 * 开发者可直接使用模板注释功能将不需要的 function 直接注释掉
 	 */
 	private synchronized void reloadSharedFunctionSourceList() {
-		Map<String, Define> newMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+		Map<String, Define> newMap = createSharedFunctionMap();
 		for (int i = 0, size = sharedFunctionSourceList.size(); i < size; i++) {
 			ISource source = sharedFunctionSourceList.get(i);
 			String fileName = source instanceof FileSource ? ((FileSource)source).getFileName() : null;
@@ -194,9 +196,13 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 		this.sharedFunctionMap = newMap;
 	}
 	
+	private Map<String, Define> createSharedFunctionMap() {
+		return new HashMap<String, Define>(512, 0.25F);
+	}
+	
 	public synchronized void addSharedObject(String name, Object object) {
 		if (sharedObjectMap == null) {
-			sharedObjectMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+			sharedObjectMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(64, 0.25F);
 		} else if (sharedObjectMap.containsKey(name)) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Shared object already exists: " + name);
 		}
@@ -210,7 +216,7 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 	/**
 	 * Set output directive factory
 	 */
-	public void setOutputDirectiveFactory(IOutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
+	public void setOutputDirectiveFactory(OutputDirectiveFactory outputDirectiveFactory) {
 		if (outputDirectiveFactory == null) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("outputDirectiveFactory can not be null");
 		}
@@ -256,8 +262,9 @@ public class EngineConfig {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseTemplatePath can not be blank");
 		}
 		baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath.trim();
+		baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath.replace("\\", "/");
 		if (baseTemplatePath.length() > 1) {
-			if (baseTemplatePath.endsWith("/") || baseTemplatePath.endsWith("\\")) {
+			if (baseTemplatePath.endsWith("/")) {
 				baseTemplatePath = baseTemplatePath.substring(0, baseTemplatePath.length() - 1);
 			}
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Env.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/Env.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
 public class Env {
 	
 	protected EngineConfig engineConfig;
-	protected Map<String, Define> functionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>();
+	protected Map<String, Define> functionMap = new HashMap<String, Define>(16, 0.5F);
 	
 	// 代替 Template 持有该属性，便于在 #include 指令中调用 Env.addSource()
 	protected List<ISource> sourceList = null;
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ExprParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ExprParser.java
@@ -21,28 +21,7 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.Sym;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Arith;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Array;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Assign;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Compare;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Field;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Id;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.IncDec;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Index;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Logic;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Map;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Method;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.NullSafe;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.RangeArray;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.SharedMethod;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.StaticField;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.StaticMethod;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Ternary;
-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Unary;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.*;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParaToken;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Compare.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Compare.java
@@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			rightValue != null &&
 			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
 			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) > 0;
 		}
 		
-		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+		return checkComparisonValue(leftValue, rightValue);
 	}
 	
 	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
@@ -166,11 +167,12 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			rightValue != null &&
 			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
 			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) >= 0;
 		}
 		
-		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+		return checkComparisonValue(leftValue, rightValue);
 	}
 	
 	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
@@ -198,11 +200,12 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			rightValue != null &&
 			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
 			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) < 0;
 		}
 		
-		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+		return checkComparisonValue(leftValue, rightValue);
 	}
 	
 	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
@@ -230,11 +233,12 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		if (leftValue instanceof Comparable &&
+			rightValue != null &&
 			leftValue.getClass() == rightValue.getClass()) {
 			return ((Comparable)leftValue).compareTo((Comparable)rightValue) <= 0;
 		}
 		
-		return checkType(leftValue, rightValue);
+		return checkComparisonValue(leftValue, rightValue);
 	}
 	
 	private int getMaxType(Number obj1, Number obj2) {
@@ -270,7 +274,7 @@ public class Compare extends Expr {
 		return ret;
 	}
 	
-	private Boolean checkType(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
+	private Boolean checkComparisonValue(Object leftValue, Object rightValue) {
 		if (leftValue == null) {
 			throw new TemplateException("The operation target on the left side of \"" + op.value() + "\" can not be null", location);
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Field.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Field.java
@@ -16,11 +16,8 @@

 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;

-import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
-// import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Model;
-// import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Record;
 import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
@@ -68,49 +65,24 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 			throw new TemplateException("Can not accessed by \"" + fieldName + "\" field from null target", location);
 		}
 		
-		Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
-		Long key = buildFieldKey(targetClass);
 		
-		MethodInfo getter;
 		try {
-			getter = MethodKit.getGetterMethod(key, targetClass, getterName);
+			Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
+			Object key = FieldKeyBuilder.instance.getFieldKey(targetClass, getterNameHash);
+			FieldGetter fieldGetter = FieldKit.getFieldGetter(key, targetClass, fieldName);
+			if (fieldGetter.notNull()) {
+				return fieldGetter.get(target, fieldName);
+			}
+		} catch (TemplateException | ParseException e) {
+			throw e;
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 		
-		try {
-			if (getter != null) {
-				return getter.invoke(target, ExprList.NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY);
-			}
-//			if (target instanceof Model) {
-//				return ((Model<?>)target).get(fieldName);
-//			}
-//			if (target instanceof Record) {
-//				return ((Record)target).get(fieldName);
-//			}
-			if (target instanceof java.util.Map) {
-				return ((java.util.Map<?, ?>)target).get(fieldName);
-			}
-			// if (target instanceof com.jfinal.kit.Ret) {
-				// return ((com.jfinal.kit.Ret)target).get(fieldName);
-			// }
-			java.lang.reflect.Field field = FieldKit.getField(key, targetClass, fieldName);
-			if (field != null) {
-				return field.get(target);
-			}
-			
-			// 支持获取数组长度： array.length
-			if ("length".equals(fieldName) && target.getClass().isArray()) {
-				return Array.getLength(target);
-			}
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
-		}
 		
 		if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		
 		if (expr instanceof Id) {
 			String id = ((Id)expr).getId();
 			throw new TemplateException("public field not found: \"" + id + "." + fieldName + "\" and public getter method not found: \"" + id + "." + getterName + "()\"", location);
@@ -118,9 +90,9 @@ public class Field extends Expr {
 		throw new TemplateException("public field not found: \"" + fieldName + "\" and public getter method not found: \"" + getterName + "()\"", location);
 	}
 	
-	private Long buildFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass) {
-		return targetClass.getName().hashCode() ^ getterNameHash;
-	}
+	// private Long buildFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass) {
+		// return targetClass.getName().hashCode() ^ getterNameHash;
+	// }
 }


--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldGetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldGetter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+/**
+ * FieldGetter 用于支持 target.field 表达式的取值，
+ * 以及支持用户扩展自定义的 FieldGetter 实现方式
+ */
+public abstract class FieldGetter {
+	
+	/**
+	 * 接管 target.fieldName 表达式，如果可以接管则返回接管对象，否则返回 null
+	 * @param targetClass target.fieldName 表达式中 target 的 Class 类型
+	 * @param fieldName target.fieldName 表达式中的 fieldName 部分
+	 * @return 如果可以接管 targetClass.fieldName 则返回接管对象，否则返回 null
+	 */
+	public abstract FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName);
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取 target.fieldName 表达式的值
+	 * @param target 目标对象
+	 * @param fieldName 字段名称
+	 * @return target.fieldName 表达式的值
+	 */
+	public abstract Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception;
+	
+	/**
+	 * 仅仅 NullFieldGetter 会覆盖此方法并返回 false
+	 * 
+	 * 用于消除 FieldKit.getFieldGetter(...) 中的 instanceof 判断，
+	 * 并且让 Map fieldGetterCache 的 value 值不必使用 Object 类型，
+	 * 还消除了 Field.exec(...) 中的 null 值判断
+	 */
+	public boolean notNull() {
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldGetters.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldGetters.java
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import com.jfinal.kit.StrKit;
+
+/**
+ * FieldGetters 封装官方默认 FieldGetter 实现
+ */
+public class FieldGetters {
+	
+	/**
+	 * NullFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 用于消除 FieldKit.getFieldGetter(...) 中的 instanceof 判断，并且让 Map fieldGetterCache
+	 * 中的 value 不必使用 Object 类型。还消除了 Field.exec(...) 中的 null 值判断
+	 */
+	public static class NullFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		public static final NullFieldGetter me = new NullFieldGetter();
+		
+		public boolean notNull() {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			throw new RuntimeException("The method takeOver(Class, String) of NullFieldGetter should not be invoked");
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			throw new RuntimeException("The method get(Object, String) of NullFieldGetter should not be invoked");
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * GetterMethodFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 getter 方法获取 target.field 表达式的值
+	 */
+	public static class GetterMethodFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		protected java.lang.reflect.Method getterMethod;
+		
+		public GetterMethodFieldGetter(java.lang.reflect.Method getterMethod) {
+			this.getterMethod = getterMethod;
+		}
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if (MethodKit.isForbiddenClass(targetClass)) {
+				throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden class: " + targetClass.getName());
+			}
+			
+			String getterName = "get" + StrKit.firstCharToUpperCase(fieldName);
+			java.lang.reflect.Method[] methodArray = targetClass.getMethods();
+			for (java.lang.reflect.Method method : methodArray) {
+				if (method.getName().equals(getterName) && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
+					// if (MethodKit.isForbiddenMethod(getterName)) {
+						// throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden method: " + getterName);
+					// }
+					
+					return new GetterMethodFieldGetter(method);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return getterMethod.invoke(target, ExprList.NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY);
+		}
+		
+		public String toString() {
+			return getterMethod.toString();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * IsMethodFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 target.isXxx() 方法获取值，默认不启用该功能，用户可以通过如下方式启用：
+	 * Engine.addLastFieldGetter(new FieldGetters.IsMethodFieldGetter());
+	 */
+	public static class IsMethodFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		protected java.lang.reflect.Method isMethod;
+		
+		// 此构造方法仅为了方便在 Engine.addFieldGetter(...) 添加时不用为构造方法传参
+		public IsMethodFieldGetter() {
+		}
+		
+		public IsMethodFieldGetter(java.lang.reflect.Method isMethod) {
+			this.isMethod = isMethod;
+		}
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if (MethodKit.isForbiddenClass(targetClass)) {
+				throw new RuntimeException("Forbidden class: " + targetClass.getName());
+			}
+			
+			String isMethodName = "is" + StrKit.firstCharToUpperCase(fieldName);
+			java.lang.reflect.Method[] methodArray = targetClass.getMethods();
+			for (java.lang.reflect.Method method : methodArray) {
+				if (method.getName().equals(isMethodName) && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
+					Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
+					if (returnType == Boolean.class || returnType == boolean.class) {
+						return new IsMethodFieldGetter(method);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return isMethod.invoke(target, ExprList.NULL_OBJECT_ARRAY);
+		}
+		
+		public String toString() {
+			return isMethod.toString();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * ModelFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 Model.get(String) 获取值
+	
+	public static class ModelFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		// 所有 Model 可以共享 ModelFieldGetter 获取属性
+		static final ModelFieldGetter singleton = new ModelFieldGetter();
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if (com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Model.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
+				return singleton;
+			} else {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return ((com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Model<?>)target).get(fieldName);
+		}
+	} */
+	
+	/**
+	 * RecordFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 Record.get(String) 获取值
+	
+	public static class RecordFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		// 所有 Record 可以共享 RecordFieldGetter 获取属性
+		static final RecordFieldGetter singleton = new RecordFieldGetter();
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if (com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Record.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
+				return singleton;
+			} else {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return ((com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Record)target).get(fieldName);
+		}
+	} */
+	
+	/**
+	 * MapFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 Map.get(Object) 获取值
+	 */
+	public static class MapFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		// 所有 Map 可以共享 MapFieldGetter 获取属性
+		static final MapFieldGetter singleton = new MapFieldGetter();
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if (java.util.Map.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
+				return singleton;
+			} else {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return ((java.util.Map<?, ?>)target).get(fieldName);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * RealFieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 使用 target.field 获取值
+	 */
+	public static class RealFieldGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		protected java.lang.reflect.Field field;
+		
+		public RealFieldGetter(java.lang.reflect.Field field) {
+			this.field = field;
+		}
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			java.lang.reflect.Field[] fieldArray = targetClass.getFields();
+			for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : fieldArray) {
+				if (field.getName().equals(fieldName)) {
+					return new RealFieldGetter(field);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return null;
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return field.get(target);
+		}
+		
+		public String toString() {
+			return field.toString();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * ArrayLengthGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 获取数组长度： array.length
+	 */
+	public static class ArrayLengthGetter extends FieldGetter {
+		
+		// 所有数组可以共享 ArrayLengthGetter 获取属性
+		static final ArrayLengthGetter singleton = new ArrayLengthGetter();
+		
+		public FieldGetter takeOver(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+			if ("length".equals(fieldName) && targetClass.isArray()) {
+				return singleton;
+			} else {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public Object get(Object target, String fieldName) throws Exception {
+			return Array.getLength(target);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKeyBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKeyBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;
+
+/**
+ * FieldKeyBuilder
+ * 
+ * 用于生成缓存 FieldGetter 的 key
+ */
+public abstract class FieldKeyBuilder {
+	
+	public abstract Object getFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass, long fieldFnv1a64Hash);
+	
+	// 假定是超大规模项目，并且假定其 Map/Model/Record + field 组合数量超级庞大，默认使用 StrictFieldKeyBuilder
+	static FieldKeyBuilder instance = new StrictFieldKeyBuilder();
+	
+	public static FieldKeyBuilder getInstance() {
+		return instance;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置为官方提供的 FastFieldKeyBuilder 实现，性能更高
+	 */
+	public static void setToFastFieldKeyBuilder() {
+		instance = new FastFieldKeyBuilder();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置为自定义 FieldKeyBuilder
+	 */
+	public static void setFieldKeyBuilder(FieldKeyBuilder fieldKeyBuilder) {
+		if (fieldKeyBuilder == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("fieldKeyBuilder can not be null");
+		}
+		instance = fieldKeyBuilder;
+	}
+	
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	/**
+	 * FastFieldKeyBuilder
+	 */
+	public static class FastFieldKeyBuilder extends FieldKeyBuilder {
+		public Object getFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass, long fieldFnv1a64Hash) {
+			return targetClass.getName().hashCode() ^ fieldFnv1a64Hash;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	/**
+	 * StrictFieldKeyBuilder
+	 */
+	public static class StrictFieldKeyBuilder extends FieldKeyBuilder {
+		public Object getFieldKey(Class<?> targetClass, long fieldFnv1a64Hash) {
+			return new FieldKey(targetClass.getName().hashCode(), fieldFnv1a64Hash);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	/**
+	 * FieldKey
+	 * 
+	 * FieldKey 用于封装 targetClass、fieldName 这两部分的 hash 值，
+	 * 确保不会出现 key 值碰撞
+	 * 
+	 * 这两部分 hash 值在不同 class 与 field 的组合下出现碰撞的
+	 * 概率完全可以忽略不计
+	 * 
+	 * 备忘：
+	 * 可以考虑用 ThreadLocal 重用 FieldKey 对象，但要注意放入 Map fieldGetterCache
+	 * 中的 FieldKey 对象需要 clone 出来，确保线程安全。由于 FieldKey 占用空间不大，
+	 * 所以 ThreadLocal 方案大概率并无优势，从 ThreadLocal 中获取数据时，除了耗时也无法
+	 * 避免创建对象
+	 */
+	public static class FieldKey {
+		
+		final long classHash;
+		final long fieldHash;
+		
+		public FieldKey(long classHash, long fieldHash) {
+			this.classHash = classHash;
+			this.fieldHash = fieldHash;
+		}
+		
+		public int hashCode() {
+			return (int)(classHash ^ fieldHash);
+		}
+		
+		/**
+		 * FieldKey 的核心价值在于此 equals 方法通过比较两部分 hash 值，避免超大规模场景下可能的 key 值碰撞
+		 * 
+		 * 不必判断 if (fieldKey instanceof FieldKey)，因为所有 key 类型必须要相同
+		 * 不必判断 if (this == fieldKey)，因为每次用于取值的 FieldKey 都是新建的
+		 */
+		public boolean equals(Object fieldKey) {
+			FieldKey fk = (FieldKey)fieldKey;
+			return classHash == fk.classHash && fieldHash == fk.fieldHash;
+		}
+		
+		public String toString() {
+			return "classHash = " + classHash + "\nfieldHash = " + fieldHash;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKit.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/FieldKit.java
@@ -16,38 +16,122 @@

 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;

-import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import com.jfinal.kit.SyncWriteMap;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.FieldGetters.*;

 /**
 * FieldKit
 */
 public class FieldKit {
 	
-	private static final HashMap<Long, Object> fieldCache = new HashMap<Long, Object>();
+	private static FieldGetter[] getters = init();
 	
-	public static Field getField(Long key, Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
-		Object field = fieldCache.get(key);
-		if (field == null) {
-			field = doGetField(targetClass, fieldName);
-			if (field != null) {
-				fieldCache.put(key, field);
-			} else {
-				// 对于不存在的 Field，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
-				fieldCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
-			}
-		}
-		return field instanceof Field ? (Field)field : null;
+	private static final HashMap<Object, FieldGetter> fieldGetterCache = new SyncWriteMap<Object, FieldGetter>(1024, 0.25F);
+	
+	/**
+	 * 初始化官方默认 FieldGetter
+	 * 
+	 * 注意：
+	 * 默认不启用 IsMethodFieldGetter，用户可以通过下面的代码启用：
+	 * Engine.addLastFieldGetter(new FieldGetters.IsMethodFieldGetter());
+	 * 
+	 * 也可以通过直接调用 target.isXxx() 方法来达到与 target.xxx 表达式相同的目的
+	 */
+	private static FieldGetter[] init() {
+		LinkedList<FieldGetter> ret = new LinkedList<FieldGetter>();
+		
+		ret.addLast(new GetterMethodFieldGetter(null));
+		// ret.addLast(new ModelFieldGetter());
+		// ret.addLast(new RecordFieldGetter());
+		ret.addLast(new MapFieldGetter());
+		ret.addLast(new RealFieldGetter(null));
+		ret.addLast(new ArrayLengthGetter());
+		// ret.addLast(new IsMethodFieldGetter());
+		
+		return ret.toArray(new FieldGetter[ret.size()]);
 	}
 	
-	private static Field doGetField(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
-		Field[] fs = targetClass.getFields();
-		for (Field f : fs) {
-			if (f.getName().equals(fieldName)) {
-				return f;
+	public static FieldGetter getFieldGetter(Object key, Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+		FieldGetter fieldGetter = fieldGetterCache.get(key);
+		if (fieldGetter == null) {
+			fieldGetter = doGetFieldGetter(targetClass, fieldName);	// 已确保不会返回 null
+			fieldGetterCache.putIfAbsent(key, fieldGetter);
+		}
+		return fieldGetter;
+	}
+	
+	private static FieldGetter doGetFieldGetter(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldName) {
+		FieldGetter ret;
+		for (FieldGetter fieldGetter : getters) {
+			ret = fieldGetter.takeOver(targetClass, fieldName);
+			if (ret != null) {
+				return ret;
 			}
 		}
-		return null;
+		return NullFieldGetter.me;
+	}
+	
+	public static void addFieldGetter(int index, FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		addFieldGetter(fieldGetter, index, true);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addFieldGetterToLast(FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		addFieldGetter(fieldGetter, null, true);
+	}
+	
+	public static void addFieldGetterToFirst(FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		addFieldGetter(fieldGetter, null, false);
+	}
+	
+	// 当 Integer index 不为 null 时，boolean addLast 为无效参数
+	private static synchronized void addFieldGetter(FieldGetter fieldGetter, Integer index, boolean addLast) {
+		checkParameter(fieldGetter);
+		
+		LinkedList<FieldGetter> ret = getCurrentFieldGetters();
+		if (index != null) {
+			ret.add(index, fieldGetter);
+		} else {
+			if (addLast) {
+				ret.addLast(fieldGetter);
+			} else {
+				ret.addFirst(fieldGetter);
+			}
+		}
+		getters = ret.toArray(new FieldGetter[ret.size()]);
+	}
+	
+	private static LinkedList<FieldGetter> getCurrentFieldGetters() {
+		LinkedList<FieldGetter> ret = new LinkedList<FieldGetter>();
+		for (FieldGetter fieldGetter : getters) {
+			ret.add(fieldGetter);
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	private static void checkParameter(FieldGetter fieldGetter) {
+		if (fieldGetter == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("The parameter fieldGetter can not be null");
+		}
+		for (FieldGetter fg : getters) {
+			if (fg.getClass() == fieldGetter.getClass()) {
+				throw new RuntimeException("FieldGetter already exists : " + fieldGetter.getClass().getName());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static synchronized void removeFieldGetter(Class<? extends FieldGetter> fieldGetterClass) {
+		LinkedList<FieldGetter> ret = getCurrentFieldGetters();
+		
+		for (Iterator<FieldGetter> it = ret.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
+			if (it.next().getClass() == fieldGetterClass) {
+				it.remove();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		getters = ret.toArray(new FieldGetter[ret.size()]);
 	}
 }

@@ -55,3 +139,6 @@ public class FieldKit {



+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Method.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/Method.java
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;

 /**
 * Method : expr '.' ID '(' exprList? ')'
+ * 
+ * 每次通过 MethodKit.getMethod(...) 取 MethodInfo 而不是用属性持有其对象
+ * 是为了支持 target 对象的动态类型，MethodInfo 中的 Method 被调用 15 次以后
+ * 会被 JDK 动态生成 GeneratedAccessorXXX 字节码，性能不是问题
+ * 唯一的性能损耗是从 HashMap 中获取 MethodInfo 对象，可以忽略不计
+ * 
+ * 如果在未来通过结合 #dynamic(boolean) 指令来优化，需要在 Ctrl 中引入一个
+ * boolean dynamic = false 变量，而不能在 Env、Scope 引入该变量
+ * 
+ * 还需要引入一个 NullMethodInfo 以及 notNull() 方法，此优化复杂度提高不少，
+ * 暂时不做此优化
 */
 public class Method extends Expr {
 	
@@ -65,28 +76,24 @@ public class Method extends Expr {
 		}
 		
 		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
-		MethodInfo methodInfo;
 		try {
-			methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(target.getClass(), methodName, argValues);
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
-		}
-		if (methodInfo == null) {
+			
+			MethodInfo methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(target.getClass(), methodName, argValues);
+			if (methodInfo != null) {
+				return methodInfo.invoke(target, argValues);
+			}
+			
 			if (scope.getCtrl().isNullSafe()) {
 				return null;
 			}
 			throw new TemplateException(buildMethodNotFoundSignature("public method not found: " + target.getClass().getName() + ".", methodName, argValues), location);
-		}
 			
-		try {
-			return methodInfo.invoke(target, argValues);
+		} catch (TemplateException | ParseException e) {
+			throw e;
 		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 			Throwable t = e.getTargetException();
-			if (t != null) {
-				throw new TemplateException(t.getMessage(), location, t);
-			} else {
-				throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
-			}
+			if (t == null) {t = e;}
+			throw new TemplateException(t.getMessage(), location, t);
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfo.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfo.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;

 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ public class MethodInfo {
 		this.paraTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
 	}
 	
-	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
 		if (isVarArgs) {
 			return invokeVarArgsMethod(target, args);
 		} else {
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public class MethodInfo {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	protected Object invokeVarArgsMethod(Object target, Object[] argValues) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+	protected Object invokeVarArgsMethod(Object target, Object[] argValues) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
 		Object[] finalArgValues = new Object[paraTypes.length];
 		
 		int fixedParaLength = paraTypes.length - 1;
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfoExt.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodInfoExt.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 package com.jfinal.template.expr.ast;

-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;

 /**
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ public class MethodInfoExt extends MethodInfo {
 		// this.paraTypes = newParaTypes;
 	}
 	
-	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+	public Object invoke(Object target, Object... args) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
 		Object[] finalArgs = new Object[args.length + 1];
 		finalArgs[0] = target;
 		
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKeyBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKeyBuilder.java
@@ -43,17 +43,20 @@ public abstract class MethodKeyBuilder {
 	 *   如果希望将 configEngine(Engine me) 中的 Engine 切换到 StrictMethodKeyBuilder，
 	 *   需要在 YourJFinalConfig extends JFinalConfig 中利用如下代码块才能生效：
 	 * 	  static {
-	 * 			MethodKeyBuilder.useStrictMethodKeyBuilder();
+	 * 			MethodKeyBuilder.setToStrictMethodKeyBuilder();
 	 *    }
 	 * 
-	 *   原因是在 com.jfinal.core.Config 中 new Engine() 时 useStrictMethodKeyBuilder()
+	 *   原因是在 com.jfinal.core.Config 中 new Engine() 时 setToStrictMethodKeyBuilder()
 	 *   方法并未生效，所以 extension method 生成 method key 时仍然使用的是  FastMethodKeyBuilder
 	 *   以至于在运行时，使用 StrictMethodKeyBuilder 生成的 key 找不到 extension method
 	 *   
+	 *   后续版本考虑在调用 setToStrictMethodKeyBuilder() 以后重新初始化一下 MethodKit 中的变量
+	 *   原先的 static 初始化方式重构出 synchronized void init() 方法来方便调用
+	 * 
 	 * </pre>
 	 */
-	public static void useStrictMethodKeyBuilder() {
-		MethodKeyBuilder.instance = new StrictMethodKeyBuilder();
+	public static void setToStrictMethodKeyBuilder() {
+		instance = new StrictMethodKeyBuilder();
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ public abstract class MethodKeyBuilder {
 		if (methodKeyBuilder == null) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("methodKeyBuilder can not be null");
 		}
-		MethodKeyBuilder.instance = methodKeyBuilder;
+		instance = methodKeyBuilder;
 	}
 	
 	/**
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKit.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/MethodKit.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.SyncWriteMap;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.ByteExt;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.DoubleExt;
 import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.FloatExt;
@@ -37,17 +38,18 @@ import com.jfinal.template.ext.extensionmethod.StringExt;
 public class MethodKit {
 	
 	private static final Class<?>[] NULL_ARG_TYPES = new Class<?>[0];
-	private static final Set<String> forbiddenMethods = new HashSet<String>();
-	private static final Set<Class<?>> forbiddenClasses = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
-	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
-	private static final HashMap<Long, Object> methodCache = new HashMap<Long, Object>();
+	private static final Set<String> forbiddenMethods = new HashSet<String>(64);
+	private static final Set<Class<?>> forbiddenClasses = new HashSet<Class<?>>(64);
+	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>(64);
+	private static final SyncWriteMap<Long, Object> methodCache = new SyncWriteMap<Long, Object>(2048, 0.25F);
 	
 	// 初始化在模板中调用 method 时所在的被禁止使用类
 	static {
 		Class<?>[] cs = {
 			System.class, Runtime.class, Thread.class, Class.class, ClassLoader.class, File.class,
 			Compiler.class, InheritableThreadLocal.class, Package.class, Process.class,
-			RuntimePermission.class, SecurityManager.class, ThreadGroup.class, ThreadLocal.class
+			RuntimePermission.class, SecurityManager.class, ThreadGroup.class, ThreadLocal.class,
+			java.lang.reflect.Method.class
 		};
 		for (Class<?> c : cs) {
 			forbiddenClasses.add(c);
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	static {
 		String[] ms = {
 			"getClass", "getDeclaringClass", "forName", "newInstance", "getClassLoader",
-			"getMethod", "getMethods", "getField", "getFields",
+			"invoke", // "getMethod", "getMethods", // "getField", "getFields",
 			"notify", "notifyAll", "wait",
 			"load", "exit", "loadLibrary", "halt",
 			"stop", "suspend", "resume", "setDaemon", "setPriority",
@@ -93,6 +95,14 @@ public class MethodKit {
 		return forbiddenClasses.contains(clazz);
 	}
 	
+	public static void addForbiddenClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+		forbiddenClasses.add(clazz);
+	}
+	
+	public static void removeForbiddenClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+		forbiddenClasses.remove(clazz);
+	}
+	
 	public static boolean isForbiddenMethod(String methodName) {
 		return forbiddenMethods.contains(methodName);
 	}
@@ -101,6 +111,10 @@ public class MethodKit {
 		forbiddenMethods.add(methodName);
 	}
 	
+	public static void removeForbiddenMethod(String methodName) {
+		forbiddenMethods.remove(methodName);
+	}
+	
 	public static MethodInfo getMethod(Class<?> targetClass, String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
 		Class<?>[] argTypes = getArgTypes(argValues);
 		Long key = getMethodKey(targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
@@ -108,10 +122,10 @@ public class MethodKit {
 		if (method == null) {
 			method = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, argTypes);
 			if (method != null) {
-				methodCache.put(key, method);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
 			} else {
 				// 对于不存在的 Method，只进行一次获取操作，主要为了支持 null safe，未来需要考虑内存泄漏风险
-				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, Void.class);
 			}
 		}
 		return method instanceof MethodInfo ? (MethodInfo)method : null;
@@ -120,19 +134,19 @@ public class MethodKit {
 	/**
 	 * 获取 getter 方法
 	 * 使用与 Field 相同的 key，避免生成两次 key值
-	 */
+	 * ---> jfinal 3.5 已将此功能转移至 FieldKit
 	public static MethodInfo getGetterMethod(Long key, Class<?> targetClass, String methodName) {
 		Object getterMethod = methodCache.get(key);
 		if (getterMethod == null) {
 			getterMethod = doGetMethod(key, targetClass, methodName, NULL_ARG_TYPES);
 			if (getterMethod != null) {
-				methodCache.put(key, getterMethod);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, getterMethod);
 			} else {
-				methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, Void.class);
 			}
 		}
 		return getterMethod instanceof MethodInfo ? (MethodInfo)getterMethod : null;
-	}
+	} */
 	
 	static Class<?>[] getArgTypes(Object[] argValues) {
 		if (argValues == null || argValues.length == 0) {
@@ -279,7 +293,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 				}
 				
 				MethodInfoExt mie = new MethodInfoExt(objectOfExtensionClass, key, extensionClass/* targetClass */, method);
-				methodCache.put(key, mie);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, mie);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -307,7 +321,7 @@ public class MethodKit {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveToBoxedMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
+	private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveToBoxedMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>(64);
 	
 	// 初始化 primitive type 到 boxed type 的映射
 	static {
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethod.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethod.java
@@ -26,9 +26,14 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
 * SharedMethod
 * 
 * 用法：
- * engine.addSharedMethod(object);
- * engine.addSharedStaticMethod(Xxx.class);
- * #(method(para))
+ * engine.addSharedMethod(new StrKit());
+ * engine.addSharedStaticMethod(MyKit.class);
+ * 
+ * #if (notBlank(para))
+ *     ....
+ * #end
+ * 
+ * 上面代码中的 notBlank 方法来自 StrKit
 */
 public class SharedMethod extends Expr {
 	
@@ -48,14 +53,18 @@ public class SharedMethod extends Expr {
 	
 	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
 		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
-		SharedMethodInfo sharedMethodInfo = sharedMethodKit.getSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argValues);
 		
-		// ShareMethod 相当于是固定的静态的方法，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
-		if (sharedMethodInfo == null) {
-			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Shared method not found: ", methodName, argValues), location);
-		}
 		try {
-			return sharedMethodInfo.invoke(argValues);
+			SharedMethodInfo sharedMethodInfo = sharedMethodKit.getSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argValues);
+			if (sharedMethodInfo != null) {
+				return sharedMethodInfo.invoke(argValues);
+			} else {
+				// ShareMethod 相当于是固定的静态的方法，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
+				throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Shared method not found: ", methodName, argValues), location);
+			}
+			
+		} catch (TemplateException | ParseException e) {
+			throw e;
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethodKit.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/SharedMethodKit.java
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import com.jfinal.kit.HashKit;
 import com.jfinal.kit.ReflectKit;
+import com.jfinal.kit.SyncWriteMap;

 /**
 * SharedMethodKit
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 	}
 	
 	private final List<SharedMethodInfo> sharedMethodList = new ArrayList<SharedMethodInfo>();
-	private final HashMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo> methodCache = new HashMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo>();
+	private final HashMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo> methodCache = new SyncWriteMap<Long, SharedMethodInfo>(512, 0.25F);
 	
 	public SharedMethodInfo getSharedMethodInfo(String methodName, Object[] argValues) {
 		Class<?>[] argTypes = MethodKit.getArgTypes(argValues);
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 		if (method == null) {
 			method = doGetSharedMethodInfo(methodName, argTypes);
 			if (method != null) {
-				methodCache.put(key, method);
+				methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, method);
 			}
-			// shared method 不支持 null safe，不缓存: methodCache.put(key, Boolean.FALSE)
+			// shared method 不支持 null safe，不缓存: methodCache.putIfAbsent(key, Void.class)
 		}
 		return method;
 	}
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public class SharedMethodKit {
 			this.target = target;
 		}
 		
-		public Object invoke(Object... args) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
+		public Object invoke(Object... args) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
 			return super.invoke(target, args);
 		}
 		
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/StaticMethod.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/expr/ast/StaticMethod.java
@@ -57,23 +57,23 @@ public class StaticMethod extends Expr {
 	
 	public Object eval(Scope scope) {
 		Object[] argValues = exprList.evalExprList(scope);
-		MethodInfo methodInfo;
-		try {
-			methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(clazz, methodName, argValues);
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
-		}
-		
-		// StaticMethod 是固定的存在，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
-		if (methodInfo == null) {
-			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("public static method not found: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
-		}
-		if (!methodInfo.isStatic()) {
-			throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Not public static method: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
-		}
 		
 		try {
-			return methodInfo.invoke(null, argValues);
+			MethodInfo methodInfo = MethodKit.getMethod(clazz, methodName, argValues);
+			
+			if (methodInfo != null) {
+				if (methodInfo.isStatic()) {
+					return methodInfo.invoke(null, argValues);
+				} else {
+					throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("Not public static method: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
+				}
+			} else {
+				// StaticMethod 是固定的存在，不支持 null safe，null safe 只支持具有动态特征的用法
+				throw new TemplateException(Method.buildMethodNotFoundSignature("public static method not found: " + clazz.getName() + "::", methodName, argValues), location);
+			}
+			
+		} catch (TemplateException | ParseException e) {
+			throw e;
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/CallDirective.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/CallDirective.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Const;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
+
+/**
+ * CallDirective 动态调用模板函数
+ * 
+ * 模板函数的名称与参数都可以动态指定，提升模板函数调用的灵活性
+ * 
+ * 例如：
+ *     #call(funcName, p1, p2, ..., pn)
+ *     其中 funcName，为函数名，p1、p2、pn 为被调用函数所使用的参数
+ * 
+ * 
+ * 如果希望模板函数不存在时忽略其调用，添加常量值 true 在第一个参数位置即可
+ * 例如：
+ *     #call(true, funcName, p1, p2, ..., pn)
+ * 
+ * 
+ * TODO 后续优化看一下 ast.Call.java
+ */
+public class CallDirective extends Directive {
+	
+	protected Expr funcNameExpr;
+	protected ExprList paraExpr;
+	
+	protected boolean nullSafe = false;		// 是否支持函数名不存在时跳过
+	
+	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
+		int len = exprList.length();
+		if (len == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("模板函数名不能缺失", location);
+		}
+		
+		int index = 0;
+		Expr expr = exprList.getExpr(index);
+		if (expr instanceof Const && ((Const)expr).isBoolean()) {
+			if (len == 1) {
+				throw new ParseException("模板函数名不能缺失", location);
+			}
+			
+			nullSafe = ((Const)expr).getBoolean();
+			index++;
+		}
+		
+		funcNameExpr = exprList.getExpr(index++);
+		
+		ArrayList<Expr> list = new ArrayList<Expr>();
+		for (int i=index; i<len; i++) {
+			list.add(exprList.getExpr(i));
+		}
+		paraExpr = new ExprList(list);
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object funcNameValue = funcNameExpr.eval(scope);
+		if (funcNameValue == null) {
+			if (nullSafe) {
+				return ;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("模板函数名为 null", location);
+		}
+		
+		if (!(funcNameValue instanceof String)) {
+			throw new TemplateException("模板函数名必须是字符串", location);
+		}
+		
+		Define func = env.getFunction(funcNameValue.toString());
+		
+		if (func == null) {
+			if (nullSafe) {
+				return ;
+			}
+			throw new TemplateException("模板函数未找到 : " + funcNameValue, location);
+		}
+		
+		func.call(env, scope, paraExpr, writer);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/DateDirective.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/DateDirective.java
@@ -79,23 +79,25 @@ public class DateDirective extends Directive {
 	
 	private void outputWithoutDatePattern(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
-		if (value != null) {
+		if (value instanceof Date) {
 			write(writer, (Date)value, env.getEngineConfig().getDatePattern());
+		} else if (value != null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The first parameter date of #date directive must be Date type", location);
 		}
 	}
 	
 	private void outputWithDatePattern(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
 		Object value = valueExpr.eval(scope);
-		if (value == null) {
-			return ;
+		if (value instanceof Date) {
+			Object datePattern = this.datePatternExpr.eval(scope);
+			if (datePattern instanceof String) {
+				write(writer, (Date)value, (String)datePattern);
+			} else {
+				throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter datePattern of #date directive must be String", location);
+			}
+		} else if (value != null) {
+			throw new TemplateException("The first parameter date of #date directive must be Date type", location);
 		}
-		
-		Object datePattern = this.datePatternExpr.eval(scope);
-		if ( !(datePattern instanceof String) ) {
-			throw new TemplateException("The sencond parameter datePattern of #date directive must be String", location);
-		}
-		
-		write(writer, (Date)value, (String)datePattern);
 	}
 	
 	private void write(Writer writer, Date date, String datePattern) {
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/EscapeDirective.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/EscapeDirective.java
@@ -52,11 +52,12 @@ public class EscapeDirective extends Directive {
 			case '>':
 				ret.append("&gt;");
 				break;
-			case '\"':
+			case '"':
 				ret.append("&quot;");
 				break;
 			case '\'':
-				ret.append("&apos;");	// IE 不支持 &apos; 考虑 &#39;
+				// ret.append("&apos;");	// IE 不支持 &apos; 考虑 &#39;
+				ret.append("&#39;");
 				break;
 			case '&':
 				ret.append("&amp;");
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RenderDirective.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/directive/RenderDirective.java
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@

 package com.jfinal.template.ext.directive;

-import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import com.jfinal.kit.SyncWriteMap;
 import com.jfinal.template.Directive;
 import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
 import com.jfinal.template.Env;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.StatList;
 public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
 	
 	private String parentFileName;
-	private Map<String, StatInfo> statInfoCache = new HashMap<String,StatInfo>();
+	private Map<String, SubStat> subStatCache = new SyncWriteMap<String, SubStat>(16, 0.5F);
 	
 	public void setExprList(ExprList exprList) {
 		int len = exprList.length();
@@ -108,62 +108,68 @@ public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
 		}
 		
 		String subFileName = Include.getSubFileName((String)value, parentFileName);
-		StatInfo statInfo = statInfoCache.get(subFileName);
-		if (statInfo == null) {
-			statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
-			statInfoCache.put(subFileName, statInfo);
+		SubStat subStat = subStatCache.get(subFileName);
+		if (subStat == null) {
+			subStat = parseSubStat(env, subFileName);
+			subStatCache.put(subFileName, subStat);
 		} else if (env.isDevMode()) {
-			// statInfo.env.isSourceListModified() 逻辑可以支持 #render 子模板中的 #include 过来的子模板在 devMode 下在修改后可被重加载
-			if (statInfo.source.isModified() || statInfo.env.isSourceListModified()) {
-				statInfo = parseStatInfo(env, subFileName);
-				statInfoCache.put(subFileName, statInfo);
+			// subStat.env.isSourceListModified() 逻辑可以支持 #render 子模板中的 #include 过来的子模板在 devMode 下在修改后可被重加载
+			if (subStat.source.isModified() || subStat.env.isSourceListModified()) {
+				subStat = parseSubStat(env, subFileName);
+				subStatCache.put(subFileName, subStat);
 			}
 		}
 		
-		statInfo.stat.exec(statInfo.env, scope, writer);
+		subStat.exec(null, scope, writer);	// subStat.stat.exec(subStat.env, scope, writer);
+		
 		scope.getCtrl().setJumpNone();
 	}
 	
-	private StatInfo parseStatInfo(Env env, String subFileName) {
+	private SubStat parseSubStat(Env env, String subFileName) {
 		EngineConfig config = env.getEngineConfig();
-		// FileSource fileSource = new FileSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
-		ISource fileSource = config.getSourceFactory().getSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		// FileSource subFileSource = new FileSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
+		ISource subFileSource = config.getSourceFactory().getSource(config.getBaseTemplatePath(), subFileName, config.getEncoding());
 		
 		try {
-			EnvSub envSub = new EnvSub(env);
-			StatList statList = new Parser(envSub, fileSource.getContent(), subFileName).parse();
-			return new StatInfo(envSub, statList.getActualStat(), fileSource);
+			SubEnv subEnv = new SubEnv(env);
+			StatList subStatList = new Parser(subEnv, subFileSource.getContent(), subFileName).parse();
+			return new SubStat(subEnv, subStatList.getActualStat(), subFileSource);
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			throw new ParseException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
 		}
 	}
 	
-	private static class StatInfo {
-		EnvSub env;
-		Stat stat;
-		ISource source;
+	public static class SubStat extends Stat {
+		public SubEnv env;
+		public Stat stat;
+		public ISource source;
 		
-		StatInfo(EnvSub env, Stat stat, ISource source) {
+		public SubStat(SubEnv env, Stat stat, ISource source) {
 			this.env = env;
 			this.stat = stat;
 			this.source = source;
 		}
+		
+		@Override
+		public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+			stat.exec(this.env, scope, writer);
+		}
 	}
 	
 	/**
-	 * EnvSub 用于将子模板与父模板中的模板函数隔离开来，
+	 * SubEnv 用于将子模板与父模板中的模板函数隔离开来，
 	 * 否则在子模板被修改并被重新解析时会再次添加子模板中的
 	 * 模板函数，从而抛出异常
 	 * 
-	 * EnvSub 也可以使子模板中定义的模板函数不与上层产生冲突，
+	 * SubEnv 也可以使子模板中定义的模板函数不与上层产生冲突，
 	 * 有利于动态型模板渲染的模块化
 	 * 
-	 * 注意： #render 子模板中定义的模板函数无法被上层调用
+	 * 注意： #render 子模板中定义的模板函数无法在父模板中调用
 	 */
-	private static class EnvSub extends Env {
-		Env parentEnv;
+	public static class SubEnv extends Env {
+		public Env parentEnv;
 		
-		public EnvSub(Env parentEnv) {
+		public SubEnv(Env parentEnv) {
 			super(parentEnv.getEngineConfig());
 			this.parentEnv = parentEnv;
 		}
@@ -171,6 +177,7 @@ public class RenderDirective extends Directive {
 		/**
 		 * 接管父类 getFunction()，先从子模板中找模板函数，找不到再去父模板中找
 		 */
+		@Override
 		public Define getFunction(String functionName) {
 			Define func = functionMap.get(functionName);
 			return func != null ? func : parentEnv.getFunction(functionName);
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalView.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/ext/spring/JFinalView.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@

 package com.jfinal.template.ext.spring;

+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -56,8 +57,20 @@ public class JFinalView extends AbstractTemplateView {
 			}
 		}
 		
-		OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
-		JFinalViewResolver.engine.getTemplate(getUrl()).render(model, os);
+		try {
+			OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
+			JFinalViewResolver.engine.getTemplate(getUrl()).render(model, os);
+		} catch (Exception e) {	// 捕获 ByteWriter.close() 抛出的 RuntimeException
+			Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+			if (cause instanceof IOException) {	// ClientAbortException、EofException 直接或间接继承自 IOException
+				String name = cause.getClass().getSimpleName();
+				if ("ClientAbortException".equals(name) || "EofException".equals(name)) {
+					return ;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			throw e;
+		}
 	}

 	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes", "deprecation"})
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/ByteWriter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/ByteWriter.java
@@ -46,15 +46,7 @@ public class ByteWriter extends Writer {
 	}
 	
 	public void close() {
-		try {
-			if (out != null) {
-				out.flush();
-			}
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			throw new RuntimeException(e);
-		} finally {
-			out = null;
-		}
+		out = null;
 	}
 	
 	public void write(String str, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/CharWriter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/CharWriter.java
@@ -40,15 +40,7 @@ public class CharWriter extends Writer {
 	}
 	
 	public void close() {
-		try {
-			if (out != null) {
-				out.flush();
-			}
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			throw new RuntimeException(e);
-		} finally {
-			out = null;
-		}
+		out = null;
 	}
 	
 	public void write(String str, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/FastStringWriter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/FastStringWriter.java
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public class FastStringWriter extends Writer {
    	
    }
    
-    static int MAX_SIZE = 1024 * 128;
+    static int MAX_SIZE = 1024 * 64;
    
    /**
     * 由 StringWriter.close() 改造而来，原先该方法中无任何代码 ，改造如下：
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public class FastStringWriter extends Writer {
     */
    public void close() {
    	if (buf.length() > MAX_SIZE) {
-    		buf = new StringBuilder();	// 释放空间占用过大的 buf
+    		buf = new StringBuilder(MAX_SIZE / 2);	// 释放空间占用过大的 buf
 		} else {
 			buf.setLength(0);
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/WriterBuffer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/io/WriterBuffer.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ package com.jfinal.template.io;
 public class WriterBuffer {
 	
 	private static final int MIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 64;					// 缓冲区最小 64 字节
-	private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10;	// 缓冲区最大 10M 字节
+	private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10;		// 缓冲区最大 10M 字节
 	
 	private int bufferSize = 2048;									// 缓冲区大小
 	
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ClassPathSource.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ClassPathSource.java
@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@
 package com.jfinal.template.source;

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
-import java.net.JarURLConnection;
 import java.net.URL;
-import java.net.URLConnection;
 import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;

 /**
@@ -72,17 +71,12 @@ public class ClassPathSource implements ISource {
 	}
 	
 	protected void processIsInJarAndlastModified() {
-		try {
-			URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
-			if ("jar".equals(url.getProtocol()) || conn instanceof JarURLConnection) {
-				isInJar = true;
-				lastModified = -1;
-			} else {
-				isInJar = false;
-				lastModified = conn.getLastModified();
-			}
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(url.getProtocol())) {
+			isInJar = false;
+			lastModified = new File(url.getFile()).lastModified();
+		} else {	
+			isInJar = true;
+			lastModified = -1;
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -111,7 +105,7 @@ public class ClassPathSource implements ISource {
 		return finalFileName;
 	}
 	
-	public String getKey() {
+	public String getCacheKey() {
 		return fileName;
 	}
 	
@@ -120,12 +114,7 @@ public class ClassPathSource implements ISource {
 	}
 	
 	protected long getLastModified() {
-		try {
-			URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
-			return conn.getLastModified();
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			throw new RuntimeException(e);
-		}
+		return new File(url.getFile()).lastModified();
 	}
 	
 	/**
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/FileSource.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/FileSource.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class FileSource implements ISource {
 		return lastModified != new File(finalFileName).lastModified();
 	}
 	
-	public String getKey() {
+	public String getCacheKey() {
 		return fileName;
 	}
 	
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ISource.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/ISource.java
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ public interface ISource {
 	boolean isModified();
 	
 	/**
-	 * key used to cache, return null if do not cache the template
+	 * cache key used to cache, return null if do not cache the template
 	 * 
 	 * 注意：如果不希望缓存从该 ISource 解析出来的 Template 对象
-	 *      让 getKey() 返回 null 值即可  
+	 *      让 getCacheKey() 返回 null 值即可  
 	 */
-	String getKey();
+	String getCacheKey();
 	
 	/**
 	 * content of ISource
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/StringSource.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/source/StringSource.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.EngineConfig;
 */
 public class StringSource implements ISource {
 	
-	private String key;
+	private String cacheKey;
 	private StringBuilder content;
 	
 	/**
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class StringSource implements ISource {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("content can not be blank");
 		}
 		this.content = new StringBuilder(content);
-		this.key = cache ? HashKit.md5(content) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 key 值赋为 null 即可
+		this.cacheKey = cache ? HashKit.md5(content) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 cacheKey 值赋为 null 即可
 	}
 	
 	public StringSource(StringBuilder content, boolean cache) {
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ public class StringSource implements ISource {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("content can not be blank");
 		}
 		this.content = content;
-		this.key = cache ? HashKit.md5(content.toString()) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 key 值赋为 null 即可
+		this.cacheKey = cache ? HashKit.md5(content.toString()) : null;	// 不缓存只要将 cacheKey 值赋为 null 即可
 	}
 	
 	public boolean isModified() {
 		return false;
 	}
 	
-	public String getKey() {
-		return key;
+	public String getCacheKey() {
+		return cacheKey;
 	}
 	
 	public StringBuilder getContent() {
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ public class StringSource implements ISource {
 	
 	public String toString() {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-		sb.append("Key : ").append(key).append("\n");
-		sb.append("Content : ").append(content).append("\n");
+		sb.append("cacheKey : ").append(cacheKey).append("\n");
+		sb.append("content : ").append(content).append("\n");
 		return sb.toString();
 	}
 }
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/OutputDirectiveFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/OutputDirectiveFactory.java
@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@
 * limitations under the License.
 */

-package com.jfinal.template;
+package com.jfinal.template.stat;

 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;

 /**
- * IOutputDirectiveFactory
+ * OutputDirectiveFactory
 * 用于定制自定义输出指令，替换系统默认输出指令，满足个性化需求
 * 
 * 用法：
@@ -32,12 +31,15 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
 *   }
 *   
 *   public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
- *     write(writer, exprList.eval(scope));
+ *     Object value = exprList.eval(scope);
+ *     if (value != null) {
+ *     	  write(writer, value.toString());
+ *     }
 *   }
 * }
 * 
 * 2：定义 MyOutputDirectiveFactory
- * public class MyOutputDirectiveFactory implements IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+ * public class MyOutputDirectiveFactory extends OutputDirectiveFactory {
 *   public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList) {
 *     return new MyOutput(exprList);
 *   }
@@ -46,11 +48,13 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
 * 3：配置
 * engine.setOutputDirectiveFactory(new MyOutputDirectiveFactory())
 */
-public interface IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+public class OutputDirectiveFactory {
 	
-	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location);
+	public static final OutputDirectiveFactory me = new OutputDirectiveFactory();
 	
+	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		return new Output(exprList, location);
+	}
 }


-
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Parser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Parser.java
@@ -24,22 +24,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.expr.ExprParser;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
 import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ForCtrl;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Symbol;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Break;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Call;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Continue;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Define;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Else;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.ElseIf;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.For;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.If;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Include;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Return;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Set;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.SetGlobal;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.SetLocal;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Stat;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.StatList;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Text;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.*;

 /**
 * DLRD (Double Layer Recursive Descent) Parser
@@ -90,7 +75,7 @@ public class Parser {
 		tokenList.add(EOF);
 		StatList statList = statList();
 		if (peek() != EOF) {
-			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match " + peek().value(), getLocation(peek().row));
+			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match \"#" + peek().value() + "\"", getLocation(peek().row));
 		}
 		return statList;
 	}
@@ -227,7 +212,41 @@ public class Parser {
 		case ELSE:
 		case END:
 		case EOF:
+		case CASE:
+		case DEFAULT:
 			return null;
+		case SWITCH:
+			move();
+			para = matchPara(name);
+			Switch _switch = new Switch(parseExprList(para), getLocation(name.row));
+			
+			CaseSetter currentCaseSetter = _switch;
+			for (Token currentToken=peek(); ; currentToken=peek()) {
+				if (currentToken.symbol == Symbol.CASE) {
+					move();
+					para = matchPara(currentToken);
+					statList = statList();
+					Case nextCase = new Case(parseExprList(para), statList, getLocation(currentToken.row));
+					currentCaseSetter.setNextCase(nextCase);
+					currentCaseSetter = nextCase;
+				} else if (currentToken.symbol == Symbol.DEFAULT) {
+					move();
+					statList = statList();
+					Default _default = new Default(statList);
+					_switch.setDefault(_default, getLocation(currentToken.row));
+				} else if (currentToken.symbol == Symbol.TEXT) {
+					TextToken tt = (TextToken)currentToken;
+					if (tt.getContent().toString().trim().length() != 0) {
+						throw new ParseException("Syntax error: expect #case or #default directive", getLocation(currentToken.row));
+					}
+					move();
+				} else {
+					break ;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			matchEnd(name);
+			return _switch;
 		default :
 			throw new ParseException("Syntax error: can not match the token: " + name.value(), getLocation(name.row));
 		}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Symbol.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/Symbol.java
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ enum Symbol {
 	BREAK("break", false),
 	RETURN("return", false),
 	
+	SWITCH("switch", true),
+	CASE("case", true),
+	DEFAULT("default", false),
+	
 	ID("ID", false),				// 标识符：下划线或字母开头 ^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$
 	PARA("PARA", false),
 	
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ enum Symbol {
 	 * 扩展指令在得到 # id ( 序列以后才要求得到正确的后续 Token 序列，否则仅仅 return fail()
 	 */
 	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
-	private static final Map<String, Symbol> keywords = new HashMap<String, Symbol>() {{
+	private static final Map<String, Symbol> keywords = new HashMap<String, Symbol>(64) {{
 		put(Symbol.IF.getName(), IF);
 		put(Symbol.ELSEIF.getName(), ELSEIF);
 		put(Symbol.ELSE.getName(), ELSE);
@@ -68,6 +72,10 @@ enum Symbol {
 		put(Symbol.CONTINUE.getName(), CONTINUE);
 		put(Symbol.RETURN.getName(), RETURN);
 		
+		put(Symbol.SWITCH.getName(), SWITCH);
+		put(Symbol.CASE.getName(), CASE);
+		put(Symbol.DEFAULT.getName(), DEFAULT);
+		
 		put(Symbol.DEFINE.getName(), DEFINE);
 		put(Symbol.SET.getName(), SET);
 		put(Symbol.SET_LOCAL.getName(), SET_LOCAL);
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Case.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Case.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.TemplateException;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Case
+ */
+public class Case extends Stat implements CaseSetter {
+	
+	private Expr[] exprArray;
+	private Stat stat;
+	private Case nextCase;
+	
+	public Case(ExprList exprList, StatList statList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #case directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		
+		this.exprArray = exprList.getExprArray();
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
+	}
+	
+	public void setNextCase(Case nextCase) {
+		this.nextCase = nextCase;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		throw new TemplateException("#case 指令的 exec 不能被调用", location);
+	}
+	
+	boolean execIfMatch(Object switchValue, Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		if (exprArray.length == 1) {
+			Object value = exprArray[0].eval(scope);
+			
+			// 照顾 null == null 以及数值比较小的整型数据比较
+			if (value == switchValue) {
+				stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			if (value != null && value.equals(switchValue)) {
+				stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+				return true;
+			}
+		} else {
+			for (Expr expr : exprArray) {
+				Object value = expr.eval(scope);
+				
+				// 照顾 null == null 以及数值比较小的整型数据比较
+				if (value == switchValue) {
+					stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+					return true;
+				}
+				
+				if (value != null && value.equals(switchValue)) {
+					stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		return nextCase != null ? nextCase.execIfMatch(switchValue, env, scope, writer) : false;
+	}
+}
+
+
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/CaseSetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/CaseSetter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+/**
+ * CaseSetter
+ */
+public interface CaseSetter {
+	public void setNextCase(Case nextCase);
+}
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/OutputDirectiveFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/OutputDirectiveFactory.java
@@ -14,21 +14,26 @@
 * limitations under the License.
 */

-package com.jfinal.template;
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;

-import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
-import com.jfinal.template.stat.ast.Output;
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;

 /**
- * OutputDirectiveFactory
+ * Default
+ * 
+ * #switch 指令内部的 #default 指令
 */
-public class OutputDirectiveFactory implements IOutputDirectiveFactory {
+public class Default extends Stat {
 	
-	public static final OutputDirectiveFactory me = new OutputDirectiveFactory();
+	private Stat stat;
 	
-	public Output getOutputDirective(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
-		return new Output(exprList, location);
+	public Default(StatList statList) {
+		this.stat = statList.getActualStat();
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		stat.exec(env, scope, writer);
 	}
 }
-
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Output.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Output.java
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class Output extends Stat {
 			} else if (value != null) {
 				writer.write(value.toString());
 			}
-		} catch(TemplateException e) {
+		} catch(TemplateException | ParseException e) {
 			throw e;
 		} catch(Exception e) {
 			throw new TemplateException(e.getMessage(), location, e);
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetGlobal.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/SetGlobal.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
 import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;

 /**
- * SetLocal 设置全局变量，全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
+ * SetGlobal 设置全局变量，全局作用域是指本次请求的整个 template
 * 
 * 适用于极少数的在内层作用域中希望直接操作顶层作用域的场景
 */
--- a/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Switch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jfinal/template/stat/ast/Switch.java
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, James Zhan 詹波 (jfinal@126.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfinal.template.stat.ast;
+
+import com.jfinal.template.Env;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.Expr;
+import com.jfinal.template.expr.ast.ExprList;
+import com.jfinal.template.io.Writer;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Location;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.ParseException;
+import com.jfinal.template.stat.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * Switch
+ * 
+ * #switch 指令与 Java 12 switch 新特性的设计相似: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/325
+ * 
+ * 在与 java 老版本指令基本用法相同的基础上，主要变化与特性有：
+ * 1: 移除 java 语法中的 fall-through semantics，即不需要 break 关键字进行断开
+ * 2: 不引入 #break 指令，代码更少、更优雅
+ * 3: #case 参数可使用多个用逗号分隔的表达式，每个表达式求值后与 #switch 参数求值后比较，
+ *    从根本上消除了 #break 指令的必要性
+ * 4: #case 支持任意类型数据与表达式（java 语言只支持少数常量类型）
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 示例：
+ *   #switch (month)
+ *     #case (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12)
+ *       #(month) 月有 31 天
+ *     #case (2)
+ *       #(month) 月平年有28天，闰年有29天
+ *     #default
+ *       月份错误: #(month ?? "null")
+ *   #end
+ * 
+ * 如上代码所示，如果 #case 指令参数有多个值，那么可以用逗号分隔，
+ * 上述逗号表达式的值 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 之中只要有一个与
+ * switch 指令参数 month 相等的话，该 case 分支就会被执行，
+ * 该特性从根本上消灭了 #break 指令的必要性
+ * 
+ * 
+ * 除了常量值以外 #case 参数还可以是任意表达式
+ * 例如：
+ *     #case (a, b, c, x + y, obj.method(z))
+ *     
+ * 上述代码中 #case 参数中的所有表达式先会被求值，然后逐一与 #switch
+ * 参数进行对比，同样也是只要有一个对比相等，则该 case 分支就会被执行
+ * 
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class Switch extends Stat implements CaseSetter {
+	
+	private Expr expr;
+	private Case nextCase;
+	private Default _default;
+	
+	public Switch(ExprList exprList, Location location) {
+		if (exprList.length() == 0) {
+			throw new ParseException("The parameter of #switch directive can not be blank", location);
+		}
+		this.expr = exprList.getActualExpr();
+	}
+	
+	public void setNextCase(Case nextCase) {
+		this.nextCase = nextCase;
+	}
+	
+	public void setDefault(Default _default, Location location) {
+		if (this._default != null) {
+			throw new ParseException("The #default case of #switch is already defined", location);
+		}
+		this._default = _default;
+	}
+	
+	public void exec(Env env, Scope scope, Writer writer) {
+		Object switchValue = expr.eval(scope);
+		
+		if (nextCase != null && nextCase.execIfMatch(switchValue, env, scope, writer)) {
+			return ;
+		}
+		
+		if (_default != null) {
+			_default.exec(env, scope, writer);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public boolean hasEnd() {
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/src/test/java/com/jfinal/template/SpringBootConfig.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/jfinal/template/SpringBootConfig.java
@@ -28,7 +28,3 @@ public class SpringBootConfig {
    }
 }

-
-
-
-
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
James	6f5cd47376	[maven-release-plugin] prepare release enjoy-3.6	2019-01-31 00:15:25 +08:00
James	b23a1a9133	enjoy 3.6 release ^_^	2019-01-30 21:09:51 +08:00
James	4c63d00157	enjoy 3.6 release ^_^	2019-01-30 21:09:07 +08:00
James	972c7e7673	enjoy 3.6	2019-01-01 21:17:38 +08:00
James	6d7d0af2b2	[maven-release-plugin] prepare for next development iteration	2018-10-08 17:42:32 +08:00
James	6bf9ae3f59	[maven-release-plugin] prepare release enjoy-3.5	2018-10-08 17:42:28 +08:00
James	d46ca53a34	jfinal enjoy 3.5	2018-10-08 17:34:53 +08:00
James	985b02177e	jfinal enjoy 3.5	2018-10-06 17:17:13 +08:00
James	b9cc8a58e0	jfinal enjoy 3.5	2018-10-04 21:47:18 +08:00
James	31ca22d21d	jfinal enjoy 3.5	2018-10-04 21:44:17 +08:00
James	13f2d302c3	jfinal enjoy 3.5	2018-10-04 21:38:21 +08:00
James	49d53e9f55	enjoy 3.5	2018-08-22 23:43:31 +08:00
James	8d88d0bba4	enjoy 3.5	2018-08-14 23:11:21 +08:00
James	462c70b692	enjoy 3.5	2018-08-12 12:16:41 +08:00
James	1ce7068072	enjoy 3.5	2018-08-12 12:15:01 +08:00
James	3e89651aa4	[maven-release-plugin] prepare for next development iteration	2018-04-27 12:18:46 +08:00